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‘Out, damned spot!’
Published in Alan Bleakley, Educating Doctors’ Senses Through the Medical Humanities, 2020
As noted earlier, psychoanalysis suggests that what is uncomfortable to the ego is reframed through a number of ‘defence mechanisms’. The primary defence is ‘motivated forgetting’ or repression – uncomfortable matter is pushed away, pushed down into the unconscious and left to fester. Actually, what happens to such material – a primary law of psychoanalysis – is that it returns in a distorted manner. The accepted psychoanalytic rule is that more authoritarian and authority-led individuals and organisations will repress uncomfortable matter more strongly than those who pursue democratic habits. The latter are more comfortable with difference and flux.
Normal sexual development
Published in Sally V Hunter, Childhood Sexual Experiences, 2018
Bert learned to keep secrets from his parents at a young age, as many children do. He used what has been termed avoidant coping or motivated forgetting from his early childhood. This has been described as a maladaptive or risky strategy,6 which may lead to symptoms of psychological distress and to more severe problems in adulthood. However, it has also been seen as a functional and appropriate coping mechanism and a useful way of avoiding dwelling on unpleasant memories or thoughts.
MRCPsych Paper A1 Mock Examination 2: Questions
Published in Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger CM Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri
Options:Context-dependent forgettingCue-dependent forgettingDecay theoryDisplacement theoryMotivated forgettingProactive interferenceRetrieval failureRetroactive interferenceState-dependent forgettingStorage failure
Childhood Sexual, Emotional, and Physical Abuse as Predictors of Dissociation in Adulthood
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2021
Mary-Anne Kate, Graham Jamieson, Warwick Middleton
Memory problems and self-reported amnesia were fairly common in the present sample. Respondents who reported they had experienced a time when they had no recollection, or only a partial recollection of the abuse, were assigned to an unclear memory category. For females who reported sexual abuse occurring after the age of five (i.e., ruling out infantile amnesia, an unclear memory1The 16 respondents who answered “I have only partial memory for the sexual experiences, but I think I used to remember it much better” were removed from this analysis. Although this could technically be classed as a partial memory of abuse and “remembered much better” does not imply the memory was ever clear, this could be consistent with normal or motivated forgetting. was reported by 36% of controls, 62% of Uni-d, 80% of Uni-DD, and 71% of Clin-DD respectively and these differences were significant, F(3,103) = 5.24, p = .002, η2 = .13. No significant differences were found for males, although only seven answered this question (a clear memory was reported by the two in the control group, and three of the five in the dissociative group). The results in Table 2 show significant differences in the number unsure responses to sexual abuse types. Controls, Uni-d, and Uni-DD answered unsure respectively to 0.2, 1.0, and 2.3 sexual abuse items.2The clinical sample could not be included in this analysis as the survey completed by these participants did not contain all sexual abuse types (those with graphic descriptions were removed). Significant differences were also found between males in the controls group compared to those in Uni-d/Uni-DD, 0.1 vs 1.2 t(40) = 2.76, p = .009. Additional analysis of females in the full university sample3The analysis also included females scoring between 15 and 20 on the MID-60. (see Open Science Foundation link: https://osf.io/gn5sm/) reveals the mean MID-60 score was consistent with a DD for women who answered unsure (and yes) to experiencing various types of sexual abuse. Moreover, women who answered unsure were more dissociative than those who answered yes for 10 of the 16 items listed. In contrast, women answering no had low levels of dissociation.