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Tinnitus and Hyperacusis
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
As discussed under ‘Definitions and classification’ above, the term misophonia was created in 2001 to define a group of patients who dislike particular sounds irrespective of the level of the sound.250,251 The neologism literally means strong dislike or hatred of sound. Within the classification system, phonophobia was retained as a subsection of misophonia when fear is the dominant evoked emotion.
Applying the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents to Misophonia: A Case Example
Published in Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2023
Niza A. Tonarely-Busto, Dominique A. Phillips, Estefany Saez-Clarke, Ashley Karlovich, Kelly Kudryk, Adam B. Lewin, Jill Ehrenreich-May
Individuals with misophonia reportedly experience various emotions in response to sound triggers. As such, a transdiagnostic treatment may be a practical alternative for misophonia treatment, as it allows for the flexible targeting of emotions, physiological sensations, and emotional behaviors. Sebastian experienced physical sensations ranging from discomfort to pain, as well as emotions including anxiety and irritation in response to sound triggers. Using the UP-A, the clinician helped Sebastian increase his awareness of emotional and physical experiences, as well as perceived and actual tolerance of these experiences, using mindfulness strategies, opposite actions, and exposures. Beginning at session 3, in-session sound exposures were conducted weekly, which may have also influenced his improvement. While Sebastian’s misophonia remained within the clinical range at post-treatment, his avoidance and impairment were substantially decreased according to parent- and youth-report. Importantly, his co-occurring emotional disorders decreased substantially as well during treatment.
A Delphi survey to determine a definition and description of hyperacusis by clinician consensus
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Bethany Adams, Magdalena Sereda, Amanda Casey, Peter Byrom, David Stockdale, Derek J. Hoare
Hyperacusis is sometimes conflated with other hearing disorders such as phonophobia or misophonia. Phonophobia (originating from Greek words of “sound” and “fear”) is an anxiety disorder, which is characterised as being an unwarranted and persistent fear of sound (Mathisen 1969). Misophonia involves the experience of intense emotional reactions to sounds (Taylor 2017; Potgieter et al. 2019), and often presents with adverse reactions to specific patterns of sounds, or sounds presented in certain situations. Thus, although separate conditions, misophonia, phonophobia, and hyperacusis are not considered to be mutually exclusive. Indeed, Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2000) used decreased sound tolerance (DST) as an umbrella term to describe multiple disorders that affect the perception of sound, including hyperacusis and misophonia. They described DST as being present when a person displays negative reactions to sounds that would not cause such reaction in the average listener. Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2000) categorised phonophobia as a subtype of misophonia, rather than an independent condition. Tyler et al. (2014) also suggested that phonophobia and misophonia were different characteristics of hyperacusis, having proposed that hyperacusis should be subcategorised as loudness, annoyance (also considered as misophonia), fear (also considered as phonophobia) and pain hyperacusis.
Misophonia and comorbid psychiatric symptoms: a preliminary study of clinical findings
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2019
Mercede Erfanian, Christiana Kartsonaki, Azita Keshavarz
Our findings showed that the symptoms of PTSD have the highest incidence among our misophonia sufferers. Likewise, the severity of misophonia is elevated in patients with PTSD symptoms. These results are supported by the previous study by Rouw and Erfanian [2]. In their study, 8% of their participants reported having PTSD, in addition, participants with comorbid PTSD indicated more severe misophonic symptoms. Misophonia symptoms are similar to PTSD symptoms in certain aspects (e.g. avoidant symptoms, heightened arousal symptoms like hypervigilance and perceiving trigger sounds as intrusive) [50]. In defiance of their resemblance, misophonia and PTSD carry major differences in symptoms, leading to fitting in two different categories and the allocation of separate modalities. PTSD is a complex ‘reaction to life-threatening incidences’, the reactivity is mostly spontaneous or cued recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic events (DSM-5). In misophonia, the negative reactivity is provoked by innocuous stimuli and ‘solely’ in response to a range of specific sounds [34,51].