China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Surgical Anatomy of the Neck
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Laura Warner, Christopher Jennings, John C. Watkinson
Middle cervical ganglion: This ganglion provides parasympathetic supply to the thyroid and parathyroid glands and has a cardiac branch which supplies the heart, oesophagus and trachea.
Head and neck
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Cervical sympathetic ganglia in neck– superior cervical ganglion (at level C2,3)– middle cervical ganglion (at level C6)– inferior cervical ganglion (at level T1)
Head and Neck
Published in Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott, Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott
Areas of interest to anaesthetists include the following.Cricoid cartilage – signet ring shaped, with the narrow portion at the front. It slopes posteriorly and lies just above the arytenoid cartilages. This is the level at which force is applied to the oesophagus against the C6 vertebral body to reduce risk of aspiration of gastric contents whilst performing rapid sequence intubation.Carotid sheath – a fascial sheath running from the base of the skull to the root of the neck which contains the carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve. This is the level of IJV cannulation which also marks the midpoint of the lateral border of sternocleidomastoid muscle.Scalene muscles and brachial plexus – the anterior scalene originates from C3–C6 and inserts onto the first rib. The phrenic nerve runs on the anterior surface of the muscle and the subclavian vein lies anterior to it.Superficial cervical plexus – originates from the anterior rami of C2–C4, and sometimes C1. It emerges from the lateral border of sternocleidomastoid at the level of C6 (Erb’s point).Sympathetic trunk/chain – the cervical chain ganglia lie between the prevertebral fascia and carotid sheath. The middle cervical ganglion lies at the level of the C6 vertebral body. The needle entry point for stellate ganglion block is at this level.
Ethical questions arising from Otfrid Foerster’s use of the Sherrington method to map human dermatomes
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2022
Brian Freeman, John Carmody, Damian Grace
From the 1935 paper, we learn that a patient presented in 1933 for mapping the T11 dermatome had undergone both dorsal and ventral rhizotomies over an extensive number of segments (T10 to S5) to abolish intractable pain following amputation of the right lower limb.18In Foerster (1933), Figure 81 on p. 34 illustrates the same patient as described in Foerster (1935), Abb. 71, p. 48. Indeed, in 1935 Foerster described the operation of cutting both dorsal and ventral roots as a “sacrifice” and stated that he only carried it out when paralysis of the limb was already present or the limb had been amputated. He stated further that, in the thoracic region he had “repeatedly resected the posterior and anterior roots without any tangible disadvantage, especially in cases of persistent post-zosteric pain” (Foerster 1935, 46), thereby raising the issue of how many of the 1933 thoracic dermatomes were mapped following resection of both dorsal and ventral roots. In the same paper, Foerster disclosed that a 1933 patient presented as having had only dorsal rhizotomy had also undergone resection of the sympathetic chain from the middle cervical ganglion down to the second thoracic sympathetic ganglion to alleviate pain following upper limb amputation (Foerster 1935, 46).