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Introduction
Published in Robert Miller, Axonal Conduction Time and Human Cerebral Laterality, 2019
It is necessary to state explicitly that the perspective from which this book is written is one of neurocybernetics. Thus, its primary aim is to explore the relations between a simple but global premise of neuronal interconnectivity (differing between hemispheres) and a wide range of implications it has for strategies of information processing in each hemisphere. Since this is the perspective, there are some areas of literature, relevant to a comprehensive coverage of cerebral laterality, which are scarcely touched upon. One of these is the developmental and endocrine processes which lead to differences between the hemispheres in either gross morphology, or in cytology. Another is the evolutionary trends amongst the mammals and (other groups of animals), which have been forerunners of human cerebral laterality. Finally, it needs to be stated that although human language is the starting point for consideration of laterality, it is not the main topic of this book. Therefore, detailed structure of language, especially of the high level structure (syntactic and greater) is not attempted. There may be important issues here which can be understood in the context of cerebral laterality. However, they must be dealt with in another book, and probably by another author.
Functional Image-Guided Neurosurgery
Published in Andrei I. Holodny, Functional Neuroimaging, 2019
Cameron W. Brennan, Nicole M. Petrovich Brennan
A wide range of techniques have been investigated to evaluate language distribution in the presurgical setting (9,26). Some techniques measure laterality only, such as IAT, transcranial doppler ultrasound, or tachistoscopic naming tests. Other techniques provide a degree of localization as well: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), magnetoencephalography (MEG), PET, and fMRI. At present, fMRI is the most widely used technology for presurgical language assessment and will be the focus of this section.
Neurological disorders
Published in Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize, Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize
Body image activities should be encouraged, such as body awareness and naming body parts. Movement exploration concepts are useful to stress movement of particular body parts as well as to improve balance and coordination. Laterality activities, especially in hemiplegia, can enable children to differentiate from the functional and affected side of the body.
Laterality in functional and metabolic state of the bulbectomised rat brain detected by ASL and 1H MRS: A pilot study
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2023
Iveta Pavlova, Eva Drazanova, Lucie Kratka, Petra Amchova, Ondrej Macicek, Jana Starcukova, Zenon Starcuk, Jana Ruda-Kucerova
A general brain metabolic state, its detection, and quantification may give us helpful insight into the disorder. A proper brain metabolic state association may be cerebral perfusion and profile of brain metabolites. An appropriate method for examining these cerebral parameters is NMR, a technique well suited for in vivo measurement. Therefore, we used the two NMR techniques to assess brain metabolic state in the olfactory-bulbectomised (OBX) rat model of depressive-like phenotype (Harkin et al. 2003; Song and Leonard 2005): arterial spin labelling (ASL) detecting blood-brain perfusion (Damadian 2013) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) providing information on brain metabolite concentration (glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), their composite (Glx = Gln + Glu), myoinositol (mI), taurine (Tau), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr) and phosphocreatine (PCr) summed as total creatine (tCr), choline (Cho), etc.) (Graaf 2019). These approaches indirectly evaluate the metabolic state of the brain tissue and may shed more light on complex dysregulations induced by the OBX lesion. Furthermore, we focussed on brain laterality, a somewhat neglected issue in clinical and preclinical research. However, it is essential to respect the bilateral structures so that their function can be better understood (Pfefferbaum et al. 2010; Jordan 2020).
Combined Ophthalmology and Rheumatology Evaluation in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases with Ocular Involvement: A Third Level Reference Center in Mexico
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Pablo Baquero-Ospina, Rebeca Paquentín-Jiménez, Claudia Hubbe-Tena, Luz Elena Concha-Del-Rio
Demographic data included age and gender. Ophthalmologic diagnosis was based on standardization of uveitis nomenclature (SUN),21 while Watson and Hayreh classification was used for patients with scleritis.22 PUK, KCS, and retinal vasculitis diagnoses were made via ophthalmological examination according to clinical features described in literature.18,23,24 We reviewed patients’ rheumatologic diagnoses and antibody reports for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-DNA antibodies, anti-RNP antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, Anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-centromere antibodies, anti-mitochondrial antibodies, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), C and P anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (C-ANCA and P-ANCA), anti-proteinase 3 antibodies (anti-PR3), anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies (anti-MPO), C-reactive protein (CRP), HLA-B27, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor. All types of SpA were included in one group. Disease laterality, and both topical and systemic treatments were registered. Patients with negative tests and in whom other underlying conditions were discarded, were included as idiopathic. Pediatric patients and patients who were not evaluated by the rheumatologist were excluded.
Resolution of chronic lower back pain symptoms through high-intensity therapeutic exercise and motor imagery program: a case-report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Jorge Ribas, Maria Armanda Gomes, António Mesquita Montes, Cláudia Ribas, José Alberto Duarte
The motor imagery training program used was part of the “Graded Motor Imagery” program (Bowering et al., 2013; Bowering, Butler, Fulton, and Moseley, 2014), which uses a software (App Recognize Back commercialized by Neuro Orthopedic Institute, Australia PTY LTD., version 1.2) to train motor imagery daily using the laterality recognition approach (Daffada, Walsh, McCabe, and Palmer, 2015; Yap and Lim, 2019). This laterality and motor imaging intervention consisted of restoring laterality, which is the ability to distinguish parts of the body at various degrees of rotation or inclination, identifying the left or right side (Breckenridge, Ginn, Wallwork, and McAuley, 2019; Stanton et al., 2013). The software installed on the patient’s mobile phone asked her to quickly identify if one randomly presented image from the back corresponded to the right or to the left side of the trunk. The images showing left and right trunk orientation appeared in different positions and situations and were presented every day, according to four levels of difficulty, respectively, named: (1) Basic; (2) Vanilla; (3) Context; and (4) Abstract (Johnson et al., 2012; Linder, Michaelson, and Roijezon, 2016). The number of correct responses and the average response time were used to determine when to increase the difficulty level. The patient was instructed to use the software application every weekday, to do as many daily sessions as possible independently of the time of day, and to identify at least 50 images per session.