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Electrocortical Correlates of Reading Disability Subtypes
Published in Kees P. van den Bos, Linda S. Siegel, Dirk J. Bakker, David L. Share, Current Directions in Dyslexia Research, 2020
Analysis of response times registered in the selective attention that the dyslexic children were slower than the normal readers and that there were no differences between visual fields. It was further found that N100 was indeed enhanced over posterior areas in the contralateral hemisphere, but there were no differences between L- and P-type children in hemispheric distribution of this attention-related negativity. However, as shown in Figure 3, L-type children did show increased negativity over frontal areas and less positive amplitudes over posterior areas compared with P-type children and normal readers. Analysis of the late positive component (P500) associated with target selection revealed that indeed targets presented in the relevant field elicited the largest positive potentials in all groups, suggesting that both normal readers and dyslexic children are capable of selecting targets from series of background stimuli. An interesting finding was that P- and L-type children differed from each other and from normal readers in the hemispheric distribution of this late positive component. As can be seen in Figure 4, normal readers showed consistenly larger amplitues over the left hemisphere for either left or right field presentations, whereas L-type children tended to show a reversed hemispheric pattern.
Calcium Homeostatic Pumps in Asthma
Published in Devendra K. Agrawal, Robert G. Townley, Inflammatory Cells and Mediators in Bronchial Asthma, 2020
Krishna P. Agrawal, Dolly Mehta
Asthma was conceived as a metabolic disorder in 1979 by one of the authors,25 based on the observation that serum LPC levels were raised in asthmatic patients.5 Subsequent observations have amply confirmed such an LPC rise, and the known effects of increased LPC content on the cell membrane, membrane-bound enzymes, and various cells participating in pathogenesis of asthma have been discussed recently.24,26,27Table 2 shows the values of plasma LPC in some subjects in whom (Na+ -K+)- and Ca2+ -ATPase activities were also determined. There is minimal overlap between LPC levels in normal subjects and asthmatic patients. LPC has been shown to inhibit (Na+ -K+)-ATPase at all concentrations11,28–30 and has a biphasic effect on Ca2+ -ATPase, stimulatory at low concentrations and inhibitory at high concentrations.11,31 It is a product of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) action on phosphatidylcholine (PC). The activity of this enzyme has also been shown to be significantly raised in the leukocytes of asthmatic patients and directly correlated with plasma LPC levels.12 However, PLA2 activity or the plasma LPC levels did not correlate significantly either with (Na+ -K+)-ATPase or with Ca2+ -ATPase activity.12
Features of Lipid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease
Published in E.I. Sokolov, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus, 2020
A comparison of the phospholipid content in the blood plasma of type I and II DM patients and of the control group revealed considerable distinctions. The fraction of LPC in type I DM patients was 4.46%, in type II patients was 5.77%, and in the control group was 3.75%. The SM content in DM patients of both type I (8.91%) and type II (6.59%) is lowered considerably (in the control group it is 19.23%). The PC content differs insignificantly: it is 73.9% in type I DM patients, 75.4% in type II, and 68.6 % in the control group (Fig. 26).
LC-MS-based lipidomics to examine acute rat pulmonary responses after nano- and fine-sized ZnO particle inhalation exposure
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2018
Sheng-Han Lee, Chuan-Ho Tang, Wan-Yu Lin, Ke-Han Chen, Hao-Jan Liang, Tsun-Jen Cheng, Ching-Yu Lin
The decreasing trend of LPCs, particularly LPC(18:0/0:0) and LPC(0:0/18:0), detected in our ZnO-treated rat models may indicate a protective role in pulmonary inflammation. The levels of lysophosphatidylcholines are associated with eosinophil infiltration, impaired lung function, and airway inflammatory diseases (particularly asthma) (Nishiyama et al. 2004; Ried et al. 2013; Yoder et al. 2014). Our findings of decreased LPC are similar and are supported by previous omics approaches (Ried et al. 2013; Chen et al. 2014). Decreasing trends of LPCs have also been recorded in the asthmatic human population compared with non-asthmatic individuals or upon chronic exposure to ambient fine particles in a rat model by a metabolomics approach.
ERP correlates of cognitive control in children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2018
Carolien Konijnenberg, Nils Martin Jondalen, Mikael Falkhaugen Husby, Annika Melinder
Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) are commonly used to explore the neural processes involved in cognitive control, including the N2, P3, and the late positive component (Hermansen, Yrttiaho, Røysamb, & Melinder, 2017; Morie et al., 2018; Rueda, Posner, Rothbart, & Davis-Stober, 2004; Tillman & Wiens, 2011). The N2, a negative wave that peaks around 200–350 ms, has been linked to conflict monitoring (Hermansen et al., 2017; Hillman, Buck, Themanson, Pontifex, & Castelli, 2009; Rueda et al., 2004, 2004). Specifically, the N2 has a significantly larger negative amplitude when there is conflict compared to when there is no conflict and shows decreases of both amplitude and peak latency during development (Brydges, Anderson, Reid, & Fox, 2013). These changes across age might reflect a reduction in cognitive demands due to brain maturation. The P3, a positive wave peaking around 250 to 500 ms, plays a role in stimulus evaluation and has been suggested to be influenced by the cognitive demands of a task (Friedman, Cycowicz, & Gaeta, 2001; Polich, 2007). While N2 reflects the detection of deviance, the P3 reflects the processes that occur after deviance has been detected, such as keeping an event in consciousness for later evaluation (Friedman et al., 2001). Finally, the late positive component (LPC), which begins around 500 ms after the onset of a stimulus, has been thought to reflect processes involved in response evaluation and motor inhibition (Davis, Bruce, Snyder, & Nelson, 2003). In children, the LPC has a more negative amplitude during incongruent trials when compared with congruent trials (Hermansen et al., 2017; Rueda et al., 2004).
Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic morphometric image analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma in association of HCV infection
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2018
Sarah Hassan, Soheir S Mansy, Sahar A Tabak, Ahmed S AbdelFattah, Ahmed M Abdel-Aziz, Olfat Hamam, Mohammed I Seleem, Amr Abdelaal
The present ultrastructural examination of the enrolled liver samples revealed LPCs within the interhepatocytic cells, perisinusoidal areas, and as a constituent or nearby bile ductules. This result was consistent with the finding of Mansy et al.,7 Duncan et al.,28 Conigliaro et al.,29 and Cardinale et al.30 The examined LPCs exhibit different degrees of differentiation with variable development in their cytoplasm. Similarly, many studies have reported variable LPC phenotypes depending on the etiology of the diseases. For instance, cholangiocyte differentiation is more evident in biliary diseases, whereas hepatocyte differentiation is more evident in non-biliary diseases.31