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Ear
Published in Keith Hopcroft, Vincent Forte, Symptom Sorter, 2020
SMALL PRINT: Skull/mastoid X-rays, CT or MRI scan, audiometry. Swab of ear discharge: Helps guide treatment in refractory cases.Urine for glucose: To exclude underlying diabetes if infections are recurrent (especially boils).X-ray of the mastoid process will show a cloudy appearance in the mastoid air cells in mastoiditis.CT or MRI scan is the best way to investigate possible invasion of temporal bone by tumour, cholesteatoma.Audiometry may be required to assess baseline hearing loss in chronic OM, so improvement after definitive surgical treatment can be measured.Skull X-ray: May show middle cranial fossa fracture in CSF otorrhoea (performed in hospital after significant trauma).
Extracapsular dissection
Published in John Dudley Langdon, Mohan Francis Patel, Robert Andrew Ord, Peter Brennan, Operative Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017
Mark Mcgurk, Luke Cascarini, Rabindra P Singh
The skin is raised in a plane immediately superficial to the parotid fascia. This is a shining white plane, which is easy to identify and follow forward until the fibres of the platysma muscle are encountered. The lobe of the ear should be freed from the mastoid process and both the skin flap and the ear are retracted with sutures. At this point, the great auricular nerve should be identified as it runs over the sternomastoid muscle and in approximately 60% of cases of ECD it can be preserved.
Clinical anatomy of the newborn
Published in Prem Puri, Newborn Surgery, 2017
Mark D. Stringer, S. Ali Mirjalili
Postnatal growth of the skull vault is accompanied by disproportionate growth of the facial skeleton and mandible (Figure 3.7). At birth, the bony external ear canal is not developed, and the mastoid process is absent. The facial nerve is therefore more at risk of injury where it emerges from the stylomastoid foramen (e.g., from obstetric forceps). At birth, the two halves of the mandible are united by a fibrous symphysis that fuses in early childhood. The rami are at a more obtuse angle to the body of the mandible. The mandible subsequently changes shape as the teeth erupt and the muscles of mastication and chin develop.
Conformities and gaps of clinical audiological data with the international classification of functioning disability and health core sets for hearing loss
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2023
Tahereh Afghah, Julia Schütze, Markus Meis, Birger Kollmeier, Kirsten C. Wagener
The ear-related health condition was diagnosed by an ENT specialist according to the ICD-10 codes; Chapter 8: Diseases of the ear and mastoid process (see WHO ICD-10 browser https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/VIII). Overall, 78% of the patients were diagnosed with “Bilateral sensorineural HL” (H90.3) and 62% with “Abnormal auditory perceptions” (H93.2). Seven patients were diagnosed with bilateral HL (H90.0) and 17 of them with unilateral conductive HL (H90.1). The distribution of the ICD codes of the diagnosed ear-related conditions is available in the Appendices, see Supplementary Figure A1. The patients were referred to other medical care providers for a follow-up treatment. This included a referral to an otolaryngologist, neurotologist, neurologist, general practitioner, radiology, or hearing aid providers to receive a hearing aid or adjust the existing one.
The advantages of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials induced by bone-conducted vibration in patients with otitis media
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Ying Cheng, Qing Zhang, Yuzhong Zhang, Zichen Chen, Weijun Ma, Min Xu
Clinical characteristics and parameters of a typical case with otitis media. (A) Endoscopic images showing evidence of otitis media (perforation of the tympanic membrane) in the left ear but not the right. Audiography revealed conductive deafness in the left ear, compared with the right ear. Left temporal bone computed tomography indicated granulation of the mastoid process, tympanic chamber, and tympanic sinus. (B) ACV-VEMPs could not be induced, while BCV-VEMPs were induced in both ears. The waveform was typical, and the repeatability was good. TM: tympanic membrane; PTA Left: average hearing threshold in the left ear; PTA Right: average hearing threshold in the right ear; ACS Left: air-conducted sound stimulation of the left ear; BCV Left: bone-conducted vibration stimulation of the left ear; BCV Right: bone-conducted vibration stimulation of the right ear.
A simple and convenient 3D printed temporal bone model for drilling simulating surgery
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Zhi-Ming Yuan, Xiao-Dong Zhang, Shou-Wu Wu, Zhong-Zhu Nian, Jun Liao, Wen Lin, Li-Ming Zhuang
Temporal bone surgery training should be staged and hierarchical. For beginners who have just graduated, completed theoretical study and are required for surgery training, the first is to carry out the training on the contour of the mastoid process and be familiar with the feelings and techniques of surgery, then to master facial nerve surgery, and finally to involve middle ear surgery. This is a step by step tutorial. In this investigation, all participants believed that this model could well restore the anatomical morphology of the temporal bone, and had a good haptic sensation in simulating surgery, so it is a good training model for simulating surgery. At the same time, this model has obvious defects, mainly the fine structural details of facial nerves and middle ear could not be identified. However, it is characterized by simple modeling, easy accessibility, low cost and easy promotion, which is suitable for beginners’ drilling training in otology.