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General Synonyms
Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
For the more (most) caudal of two or more similar structures in the spinal cord or brain stem. “Caudal” may be used chiefly by some authors who received their primary training in Great Britain. 1a. caudal colliculus (M&M, p. 39)1b. inferior colliculus (B&K, p. 88)2a. caudal cerebellar peduncle (M&M, p. 46)2b. inferior cerebellar peduncle (B&K, p. 157)3a. caudal medullary velum (M&M, p. 46)3b. inferior medullary velum (B&K, p. 86)
Microsurgical techniques for achieving gross total resection of ependymomas of the fourth ventricle
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2020
Let us conceive of the fourth ventricular anatomy conceptually in order to facilitate a surgical understanding and appreciation of the relationships of its most critical structures and landmarks [48–52]. We accordingly describe the microsurgical anatomy and internal features of this most beautiful of Nature’s majestic designs [48,52]. The rostral roof the fourth ventricle is formed medially by the superior medullary velum and laterally by the bilaterally paired superior cerebellar peduncles. The caudal roof of the fourth ventricle is comprised rostrally by the midline nodule and laterally flanking inferior medullary velum draping mediolaterally, from which the tela choroidea drapes anteroinferiorly to attach to the dorsal surface of the myelencephalon. The telovelar margins insert into the taenia medullaris of the dorsal medulla. Two layers of delicate neural tissue comprise the tela choroidea. The ventricular surface of the tela choroidea houses the choroid plexus, constituted by cuboidal epithelium richly perfused by fenestrated capillary endothelium [48,52]. The median segment of the choroid plexus splays superolaterally towards the lateral recesses and foramina of Luschka bilaterally. Notable flocculus-adjacent tufts of choroid plexus in the deepest reaches of the cerebellopontine angle present a natural and useful surgical landmark to the astute neurosurgeon and may give rise to benign and malignant papillomatous choroid plexus neoplasms. Choroidal branches are provided by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery emanating from the vertebral artery and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. The cerebrospinal fluid egresses from the fourth ventricle into the cisterna magna through the foramen of Magendie in the lower tela choroidea and into the lateral cerebellomedullary cisterns of Rhoton and cerebellopontine through the lateral recesses and foramina of Luschka [48,52].
A case of primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as a shunt complication
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Roberto J. Perez-Roman, Zachary S. Hubbard, G. Damian Brusko, Robert M. Starke
The patient underwent a proximal revision of the right VP shunt with Y connector placement. Worsening collapse of the right ventricle was noted following the procedure (Figure 1(D)). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on postoperative day one revealed extensive subependymal nodular enhancement along the lateral ventricles greater in the right than left, foramen of Monroe, and fourth ventricle along the inferior medullary velum (Figure 2).