China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cognitive symptoms related to attention
Published in Aurora Lassaletta, Ruth Clarke, The Invisible Brain Injury, 2019
My desire to know more about what is happening to me makes me more observant. One day, I heard someone in my paddle tennis class say that she has good vision in both eyes, but she doesn’t register what she sees on the left. That fact stayed in my mind and I recalled it as I sat down to a family meal and realised that for the last few years I had been quickly choosing the same seat. The same thing happened the next day when I was looking for a place to sit in my mindfulness workshop: I realised that I always look for a place on the same side of the room and I need to see the teacher from the same side. Suddenly, it all started to add up and I understood that, although to a lesser extent, it is also much easier for me to process information that comes from the right. It also happens at conferences and concerts, and when one of my children comes to show or tell me something. This discovery is making everyday and social situations much easier. Hemineglect is the difficulty in registering stimuli that appear in one visual field, usually the left. It can also affect other sensory modalities, such as hearing or touch. People who display hemineglect have no physical changes (loss of vision, for example) to explain it, yet they are unable to pay attention to what is happening on that side. As such, in its most severe form, they might ask for bread at mealtime when it is already on the table but on their affected side, or apply make-up to only one half of their face (Benedet, 2002).
Disorders of Sensation, Motion, and Body Schema
Published in Rolland S. Parker, Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
Body schema is represented in the parietal cortex (see somesthesis, above) (Benton & Sivan, 1993). The parietal lobe receives afferents from the somatosensory and visual cortices, and has reciprocal connections with the premotor cortex. Thus it forms coherent images of the entire body, including motor commands, visual and somatosensory information. Each parietal lobe creates a representation of the opposite hemibody, which has significance for phantoms, for hemineglect, for denial of ownership, and for the supernumerary limbs. The splitting of the neural basis of conscious body representation contrasts with the feeling of a seamless body (Goldenberg, 2002). Symptoms are more characteristic of right parietal lesions, suggesting that visuospatial impairment is more severe after right brain damage. Note, however, that body information reaches the parietal lobe from both contralateral and ipsilateral sources. This internal map-like organization of sensory cortical areas shapes the way the sensory information is learned. This may involve a module involving modules, that is, areas in which particular stimulus features are represented, use of cortical areas in which the information is stored, and learning of a behavioral strategy (Diamond et al., 2002). Somatosensory integrated information may be significant in forming the body schema. Each of the four regions of the primary somatosensory cortex contains a complete map of the body surface (Kandel, 2000c). In this light, the cerebellum (primarily fastigial and dentate nuclei) projects via the intralaminar nuclei to the parietal cortex (superior parietal lobule, area PE, or 5 and 7 of Brodman) and to the frontal cortex and striatum (Nieuwenhuys et al., 1988, p. 233; Zilles, 1990). There is sensory integration in the multimodal association areas of the PRC, which receives input from the primary somatosensory cortex, the visual and auditory systems, and the hippocampus. The primary somatosensory cortex projects to higher order somatosensory areas of the anterior parietal lobe. The posterior parietal association areas receive input from the primary somatosensory cortex. The parietal lobe contributes to orientation in space and to awareness of bodily sensation.
Scale for contraversive pushing in stroke patients: pusher behavior vs Thalamic astasia differential diagnosis and psychometric properties
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2022
Juan Nicolás Cuenca Zaldivar, María Caballero Nahúm, Isabel Alcalá-Zamora Marcó, Rocío Conde Rodríguez, Marta Díaz López, Alexandra Manzano Carvajal, Ana María Olmedo Carrillejo, Esther Monge Pereira, Álvaro Monroy Acevedo
In people with PB, the appearance of sensory-motor deficits in their affected lower limb is common (14% of cases),5 delaying their recovery. The combination of this behavior and hemineglect, which is commonly observed in patients with right-hemisphere brain injuries, can lengthen rehabilitation time by up to 60–70%.5 It can take between three weeks6 and six months7 longer to reach the same recovery levels as stroke survivors without PB. The presence of PB is usually taken as a negative predictor of recovery time, but not with respect to functional improvement.6 It has been observed that PB decreases progressively, especially from the sixth week post-stroke. In general, these patients require a longer period of rehabilitation and hospital stay than patients without PB, yet they reach similar recovery levels.7
Successful return to professional work after neglect, extinction, and spatial misperception – Three long-term case studies
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2021
Spatial neglect is defined as the inability to respond to sensory stimuli in the contralesional hemispace or – body – of a neurological patient (Husain, 2008; Kerkhoff, 2001). In addition to visual, auditory, or tactile neglect, motor neglect often co-occurs as a reduced use of contralesional extremities, i.e., during reaching, standing, or walking. Moreover, neglect patients show a lack of insight into their left-sided sensory and motor deficits, termed anosognosia or unawareness. Both neglect and anosognosia are a major source of long-term disability and associated with an adverse rehabilitation outcome (Jehkonen et al., 2006a, 2006b) and longer hospital stays (Kalra et al., 1997). Moreover, left hemineglect is frequently associated with left hemianopia, which is often difficult to disentangle (pseudo-hemianopia, Nyffeler et al., 2017). The presence of hemianopia reflects larger lesions and predicts chronic neglect as well as severe neglect dyslexia (Ptak et al., 2012). Furthermore, spatial-perceptual disorders are often associated with neglect due to lesion proximity or overlap (Reinhart et al., 2016), as well as hemiparesis/hemiplegia and hemianaesthesia or hypaesthesia. All these associated deficits reduce the functional effects of rehabilitation and worsen the overall outcome.
Right and left-sided infective endocarditis in an IV drug abuser
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2020
Maryam Nemati, Kristine Galang, Syung Min Jung
On arrival, the patient had a low-grade temperature of 37.8 C, heart rate of 90 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, and blood pressure of 121/70 mmHg. He was awake, alert, and in mild distress. He had no JVD or cervical lymphadenopathy. On lung exam, he had faint bibasilar crackles. On heart exam, he had normal S1, S2, regular rate, and rhythm with a crescendo decrescendo systolic murmur 4/6 loudest over the tricuspid area. His abdomen was soft, not distended, and non-tender. Although the patient stated that his vision was intact, he was found to have left-sided hemineglect. He had normal strength and range of motion in extremities. He didn’t have any edema or tenderness. Skin exam was notable for track marks around the right knee, but he had no Janeway lesions or Osler’s nodes.