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Physiological considerations for Para athletes
Published in Nima Dehghansai, Ross A. Pinder, Joe Baker, Talent Development in Paralympic Sport: Researcher and practitioner perspectives, 2023
Peta Maloney, Jamie Stanley, Ben Stephenson, Robert Pritchett, Gary Brickley
An acquired brain injury occurs when the brain is damaged any time after birth due to accident, illness, stroke or other cause that has long-term effects, and in severe cases can leave people with permanent problems (Healthdirect, 2020). Visual information processing speed may be compromised leading to reduced capacity for decision making, limiting execution of skills, or dizziness among other symptoms (Greenwald et al., 2012). Overstimulation from excessive light and noise may limit ability to perform or execute tasks (Capizzi et al., 2020).
Acquired brain injury and families
Published in Jo Clark-Wilson, Mark Holloway, Family Experience of Brain Injury, 2019
Jo Clark-Wilson, Mark Holloway
Specialists working in the field of acquired brain injury recognise the need for assessments of individuals to take place over time and within the context of their environment. Listening to family members and relevant others, in addition to the individual with brain injury, is crucial for a realistic perspective of the situation in order to fully appreciate the individual and their family’s needs.
Mechanisms of Recovery After Acquired Brain Injury
Published in Barbara A. Wilson, Jill Winegardner, Caroline M. van Heugten, Tamara Ownsworth, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2017
Acquired brain injury often affects large portions of cortical areas, but may also damage subcortical brain regions, as in stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, in most individuals, spontaneous recovery almost invariably occurs within a period that may vary from weeks to months after injury. This functional recovery process can be defined as spontaneous when subjects – patients or experimental animals – have not been submitted to formal rehabilitation training procedures and the recovery is experience-independent.
Factors predicting rehabilitation outcomes after severe acquired brain injury in trauma, stroke and anoxia populations: A cohort study
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
Patients with moderate-to-severe acquired brain injury often experience complex, long-lasting difficulties with mobility, activities of daily living, cognition and social re-integration, and predicting the extent of recovery is difficult (Barker-Collo & Feigin, 2006; Gladman et al., 1992). Existing models predict less than 50% of variance using clinical measures, and electrophysiological and imaging alternatives are impractical and expensive to deploy clinically (Stinear, 2010). However, accurate prognoses and a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing rehabilitative trajectory are required to support patients and relatives, to set meaningful rehabilitation goals and to guide selection of discharge placements. This study aimed to evaluate factors key to predicting rehabilitative success across three brain injury populations, specifically patients with brain injury acquired through trauma, stroke, and anoxia.
Assessment of cognitive instrumental activities of daily living: a systematic review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Dulce Romero-Ayuso, Álvaro Castillero-Perea, Pascual González, Elena Navarro, José Pascual Molina-Massó, M. Jesús Funes, Patrocinio Ariza-Vega, Abel Toledano-González, José Matías Triviño-Juárez
A total of 22 different tests were found for adults with acquired brain injury. Eleven instruments were aimed at patients with schizophrenia, the most frequent of which were virtual tasks related to independence that were used in shopping activities such as the Test of Grocery Shopping Skills [77] and the Virtual Action Planning Supermarket [78] and pre-work activities such as the Computerized Meeting Preparation Task [14,79]. We found only three tests aimed at patients with addictive behaviors, one aimed at patients with orthopedic surgical pathology (AM-PAC) and one aimed at patients with obesity (Let's Shop), related to shopping behavior (i.e., compulsive or not, shopping patterns and items purchased). Other authors also explored the impact of cognitive processes in ADLs in patients with glioma in the temporal lobe [79].
Can mindfulness-based interventions benefit people with dementia? Drawing on the evidence from a systematic review in populations with cognitive impairments
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2020
Joanne Chan, Dara K. Y. Leung, Holly Walton, Gloria H. Y. Wong, Aimee Spector
Research on mindfulness-based interventions in populations with cognitive impairment is emerging. Cognitive impairment describes a decline in cognition compared to premorbid levels in domains such as memory, language, attention/executive functioning, and/or visuospatial skills. It is a common following brain injury and is a feature of neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia. They are considered distinct from lifelong cognitive impairment such as intellectual disabilities, which refer to a significant impairment of intelligence and social functioning with onset before adulthood [34]. The major types of acquired cognitive impairment include acquired brain injury, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Acquired brain injury can include traumatic brain injury, vascular accidents, cerebral anoxia, brain infection, and toxic or metabolic insult. The diagnostic criteria for MCI include: subjective reports of cognitive changes by the affected individual or observers; objective impairment in one or more cognitive domains; independence in functional abilities with minimal aids/assistance; and absence of dementia [35]. It could be the result of different etiologies, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular cognitive impairment, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and depression [36]. Although people with MCI may remain stable, return to normal, or progress to dementia depending on etiology and other factors, they are in general at a higher risk of dementia compared with those who never had MCI, with updated clinical guidelines suggesting 55% to 65% ultimately converting to dementia [37].