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Outdoor Emissions
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Excitotoxicity is another potential downstream mechanism. OS enhances excitotoxin effects, such as delayed calcium deregulation (DCD) which “precedes and predicts” cell death791; so does mitochondrial calcium accumulation.791 Ca2+ combines with protein kinase A/C and when phosphorylated increases sensitivity up to 1000 times. Moreover, excitotoxins in turn cause OS and mitochondrial impairment, which is a major mediator of excitotoxin neurotoxicity.792 The development of excitotoxic neurotoxicity leads to wide spread inability to tolerate normal environmental incitors such as food, mold, and other chemical toxicity and sensitivity preventing the patient from functioning well in society. This is because minute exposures, that is, perfumes, chemical cleaning agents, and various other odors of daily living will cause reactions. The resulting entity is chemical sensitivity.
Nutritional intervention in chronic pain: an innovative way of targeting central nervous system sensitization?
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2020
Jo Nijs, Sevilay Tumkaya Yilmaz, Ömer Elma, Joe Tatta, Patrick Mullie, Luc Vanderweeën, Peter Clarys, Tom Deliens, Iris Coppieters, Nathalie Weltens, Lukas Van Oudenhove, Eva Huysmans, Anneleen Malfliet
Last, food additives hold the potential to impact the gut microbiota in mice [109], immune cells [110], and might contribute to neuronal excitability and neuroinflammation evidence level 2b) [111] in patients with chronic pain. The neurotransmitter glutamate is a common dietary additive known to overexcite neurons, has been linked to central nervous system sensitization [112], and its removal from the diet has been explored in a study of patients with fibromyalgia who also had irritable bowel syndrome (evidence level 2b) [111]. Fifty-seven patients were placed on a 4-week diet that eliminated the dietary additive excitotoxins including monosodium glutamate and aspartame. Thirty-seven patients completed the diet and 84% of those reported that >30% of their symptoms resolved, thus making them eligible to proceed to a glutamate challenge [111]. These patients were then randomized to a 2-week double-blind placebo-controlled crossover challenge with monosodium or placebo for 3 consecutive days each week. The monosodium challenge, as compared to placebo, resulted in a significant return of symptoms, a worsening of fibromyalgia severity, and decreased quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia who also had irritable bowel syndrome and initially responded well to a diet eliminating additive excitotoxins [111]. This study suggests a possible role for food additives such as glutamate in explaining symptoms of central nervous system sensitization in patients with fibromyalgia and comorbid irritable bowel syndrome.
Patho-physiological and toxicological aspects of monosodium glutamate
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, are important for chemical communication in the brain, where they are very carefully balanced and managed. Excessive quantities of a neurotransmitter, however, can cause it to become an excitotoxin, a substance that overexcites cells to the point of damage, when the balance of glutamate is upset this substance can become neurotoxic, leading to enzymatic cascades resulting in cell death (Pelaez 2001). Neurological conditions that some researchers claim may be associated with MSG include migraines, seizures, autism, attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity, Alzheimer’s disease, Lou Gehrig’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease. However, according to a 2007 issue of the ‘European Journal of Clinical Nutrition’, an international team of experts concluded that MSG was ‘harmless for the whole population’. They declared that 16 mg/kg of body weight per day was the safe limit for MSG consumption (Husarova and Ostatnikov 2007).
The low glutamate diet improves cognitive functioning in veterans with Gulf War Illness and resting-state EEG potentially predicts response
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Anna E. Kirkland, Michael Baron, John W. VanMeter, James N. Baraniuk, Kathleen F. Holton
Dietary compliance was monitored with the excitotoxin FFQ. There was a significant reduction in excitotoxin intake from baseline (mean (SD) = 70.0 (18.6)) to post-diet (mean (SD) = 7.8 (8.9); p < 0.0001). Dietary compliance was similar between challenge weeks (placebo mean (SD) = 1.2 (3.0); MSG mean (SD) = 1.3 (2.6); p > 0.05).