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Spinal Cord and Reflexes
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
Proprioceptive information is conveyed to the cerebellum, mostly ipsilaterally, through a number of tracts. Group Ia and Ib muscle afferents from the lower extremities make synapses on neurons in the dorsal nucleus (Figure 11.2), also known as Clarke’s column, which extends from T1 through L2. The fast-conducting axons of the neurons of Clarke’s column form the major part of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract, which also carries information from touch and pressure receptors and from secondary muscle spindle afferents. The axons of this tract ascend the spinal cord and project to the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
Sensory System
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
Proprioceptive information is also transmitted via spinocerebellar tracts which terminate in the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere. The dorsal spinocerebellar tract ascends in the white matter of the spinal cord without crossing the midline to the ipsilateral cerebellum and its primary function is to monitor and modify movements (unconscious proprioception). The ventral spinocerebellar tract crosses the midline in the spinal cord and ascends the contralateral part of the spinal cord but crosses back before entering the cerebellum. Its function is to act as a comparator of descending inputs with other inputs to motor neurons.
Center of pressure velocities in patients with body lateropulsion: three case report series of Wallenberg’s syndrome
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Hideaki Matsuo, Masafumi Kubota, Mayumi Matsumura, Mami Takayama, Yuri Mae, Yuki Kitazaki, Soichi Enomoto, Asako Ueno, Masamichi Ikawa, Tadanori Hamano, Ai Takahashi, Misao Tsubokawa, Seiichiro Shimada
Wallenberg’s syndrome, also known as a lateral medullary syndrome, is a neurological condition caused by a lateral medullary infarction. This syndrome’s symptoms are ipsilateral Horner syndrome, ipsilateral limb ataxia, superficial sensory disturbance of the ipsilateral face and contralateral limbs, dysarthria, dysphagia, and vertigo. Body lateropulsion (BL), a postural disorder characterized by the body involuntarily tilting to one side, is one of the Wallenberg syndrome’s predominant symptoms (Dieterich and Brandt, 1992, 2019; Kim et al., 2007; Maeda et al., 2005; Pérennou et al., 2008; Thömke et al., 2005; Yamaoka, Kishishita, Takayama, and Okubo, 2018). Lesions of the descending lateral vestibulospinal tract or the ascending dorsal spinocerebellar tract may induce BL (Kim et al., 2007; Maeda et al., 2005; Thömke et al., 2005). Pérennou et al. (2008) reported that patients having brainstem strokes showed severe visual vertical tilts and BL and minor or no tilts of vertical posture. This suggests that vestibular nuclear lesions interfere with postural control via direct vestibulo-spinal mechanisms rather than via a higher-order representation mechanism (Kim et al., 2007; Pérennou et al., 2008, 2014). Although pathological mechanisms that cause BL are better understood, features of postural control are not fully understood. Therefore, demonstrating these features during the recovery process of patients with BL may assist in developing effective physical therapy programs and plans of care.