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Distribution and Characteristics of Brain Dopamine
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
The hypothalamus is interconnected with many parts of the brain, particularly with the brain stem reticular formation and the areas that regulate the autonomic nervous system. It also constitutes a functional part of the limbic system by having connections to the amygdala and septum. Most nerve fibers within the hypothalamus are bidirectional. Projections to the caudal areas go through the medial forebrain bundle, the mammilotegmental tract and the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus, while projections to the rostral areas are carried out by the mammilothalamic tract, the fornix and the terminal stria.
Neuroendocrine Morphology
Published in Paul V. Malven, Mammalian Neuroendocrinology, 2019
The following three tracts connect the hypothalamus with the midbrain and lower areas: mammillopeduncular tract (labeled H in Figure 2-3), mammillotegmental tract (G), dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (F). The mammillopeduncular tract and mammillotegmental tract both connect the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus with the midbrain and lower regions. The hippocampus inputs into the hypothalamus pass by way of the fornix (E) to the preoptic area, arcuate nucleus and mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus. The thalamus connection with the mammillary bodies involves the mammillothalamic tract (I). The amygdala connections with the hypothalamus consist of (1) stria terminalis (C) which curves around in parallel with the fornix and (2) the shorter route from amygdala to hypothalamus called the direct amygdalohypothalamic tract (D). A major fiber tract passing through the hypothalamus is the medial forebrain bundle (B) which connects hypothalamus with the septum, rostral structures such as the olfactory gray, and structures caudal to the hypothalamus. The epithalamus sends input to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus via the stria medullaris (A).
Non-Synonyms (Similar-Sounding)
Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (of Schütz) (C&S, p. 340): A small bundle of fibers extending from the hypothalamus through much of the brain stem. While in the brain stem, it runs in the periventricular and ventral periaqueductal gray matter near the midline.
Endoscopic endonasal resection of a medullary cavernoma: a novel case
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Puya Alikhani, Sananthan Sivakanthan, Ramsey Ashour, Mark Tabor, Harry van Loveren, Siviero Agazzi
Recent advancements in neuroimaging, namely diffusion tensor tractography, have provided surgeons additional information to aid in operative decision making. It has been demonstrated that the cerebellar peduncles, corticospinal tract, corticopontine tracts, medial lemniscus, lateral lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, rubrospinal tract, central tegmental tract, medial longitudinal fasciculus, and dorsal longitudinal fasciculus can all be reliably and reproducibly tracked using diffusion tensor imaging.11 With this anatomical information, direction of fiber pathway displacement can now be utilized to supplement traditional imaging to formulate the best operative approach. In our case, both location of the cavernoma at the anterior surface of the medulla and the posterolateral deflection of the brainstem tracts was a key factor that contributed to the decision to undertake a purely ventral entry zone into the brainstem, thereby ignoring the classic safe entry zone location into the medulla oblongata. An expanded endoscopic transclival approach was chosen to access the ventral medulla (Figure 2).