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Occupational Therapy in a community mental health service
Published in Sue Parkinson, Rob Brooks, A Guide to the Formulation of Plans and Goals in Occupational Therapy, 2020
There seems to be a natural tendency for people to acquire things and to form an emotional attachment to objects, and occupational therapists have always been interested in the impact that the physical environment has on a person – both good and bad. When collecting and storing objects slip into a pattern of hoarding, a formulation attempts to show how the act of hoarding might have become intricately linked with the person’s identity – their values, interests, and habits. It goes on to make a case for key issues that focus on what the person would be able to do if they de-cluttered, rather than focusing on the de-cluttering itself. De-cluttering, disposing of objects, and cleaning might all feature as interventions, but the issues are more personalised and offer a glimpse of a brighter future.
Questions and Answers
Published in David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly, MRCPsych Paper I One-Best-Item MCQs, 2017
David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly
Answer: E. Paragrammatism refers to the disorder of grammatical construction. In schizophrenia it is termed word salad. Cluttering is a disturbance of fluency involving an abnormally rapid rate and erratic rhythm of speech that impedes intelligibility. In echolalia the patient repeats words or parts of sentences that are spoken to him or in his presence. It most often occurs in excited schizophrenic states, with learning disability and with organic states. Logoclonia describes the spastic repetition of syllables that occurs in Parkinsonism. Palilalia is the repetition of a word or phrase. It is a perseveration phenomenon. [P. pp. 849–59; D. pp. 158–9]
100 MCQs from Dr. Brenda Wright and Colleagues
Published in David Browne, Selena Morgan Pillay, Guy Molyneaux, Brenda Wright, Bangaru Raju, Ijaz Hussein, Mohamed Ali Ahmed, Michael Reilly, MCQs for the New MRCPsych Paper A, 2017
Dr Olivia Gibbons, Dr Marie Naughton, Dr Selena Morgan Pillay
Paragrammatism refers to the disorder of grammatical construction. In schizophrenia it is termed word salad. Cluttering is a disturbance of fluency involving an abnormally rapid rate and erratic rhythm of speech that impedes intelligibility. In echolalia the patient repeats words or parts of sentences that are spoken to him or in his presence. It most often occurs in excited schizophrenic states, with learning disability and with organic states. Logoclonia describes the spastic repetition of syllables that occurs in Parkinsonism. Palilalia is the repetition of a word or phrase. It is a perseveratory phenomenon. (5, pp 158–9, 14, pp 849–59)
Cluttering symptoms in school-age children by communicative context: A preliminary investigation
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2020
St. Louis and Schulte’s (2011) Lowest Common Denominator (LCD) definition of cluttering focuses on common symptoms agreed upon by fluency experts. By focusing on these common symptoms, the LCD definition minimises the influence of extraneous variables on study outcomes. According to the current LCD definition, cluttering is characterised by a perceived rapid and/or irregular speech rate and one or more of the following symptoms: 1. excessive “normal” disfluencies; 2. excessive over-coarticulation (i.e. collapsing word syllables such as “tephone” for “telephone”) or deletion of syllables; 3. abnormal speech rhythm, pausing or syllable stress. Under this definition, mandatory criterion for a diagnosis of cluttering is a speech rate that sounds rapid or irregular to the listener. Once this mandatory criterion is met, at least one of three additional symptoms must be present for a diagnosis of cluttering. The first symptom, excessive “normal disfluencies”, would include disfluencies that are used by all speakers. These normal disfluencies include interjections, phrase repetitions, whole word repetitions without tension and revisions. Normal disfluencies are different than those stuttering-like disfluencies (i.e. part-word repetitions, prolongations and/or blocks) present in speakers who stutter. The second symptom of cluttering is excessive over-coarticulation. In over-coarticulation, sounds are influenced by others (as in coarticulation) to an excessive degree, and therefore, certain sounds or syllables become blended together or omitted. This symptom may result in a word or phrase sounding like it is being simplified, as in final consonant deletion (e.g. “I ea’ pizza” for “I eat pizza”), or as in weak syllable deletion (e.g. “annversary” for “anniversary”). Speech may also sound dysarthric (Ward, 2006), meaning that as sounds or syllables are excessively “blended”, there can be a “slurred” quality to some of the sounds in words. The last symptom is excessive pauses in places where one would not expect them grammatically. These pauses may be a contributing factor to the “jerky” or “spurty” sound that one may hear when listening to a PWC. The primary factor contributing to the additional three speech symptoms of the LCD definition is rapid rate (St. Louis & Schulte, 2011).