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Paper 4
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
Krabbe disease affects the white matter with a periventricular predilection but in a more central and posterior distribution with involvement of the centrum semiovale, thalami and basal ganglia. There is no contrast enhancement in these regions and unlike other leukodystrophies there is enlargement of the optic nerves.
Disorders Affecting White and Gray Matter:
Published in Swati Goyal, Neuroradiology, 2020
Schilder type MS is a rare, progressive demyelinating process that begins in childhood. It is characterized by large T2 hyperintense demyelinating plaques in the centrum semiovale region, sparing the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord.
Return to activity following concussion
Published in Brian Sindelar, Julian E. Bailes, Sports-Related Concussion, 2017
Brian Sindelar, Julian E. Bailes
A 26-year-old National Football League player who was exposed to multiple head impacts experienced progressive nausea and unrelenting vertigo and headaches. Due to the athlete’s persistent symptoms, a brain MRI was obtained that revealed a high intensity lesion in the left centrum semiovale (white matter that is below the cerebral cortex and continues on to form the corona radiata). This radiographic abnormality was percieved to demonstrate a structural brain injury, and the recommendation was made for the player to retire from sport.
Acute presentation of papillary glioneuronal tumor due to intra-tumoral hemorrhage in a toddler: an odd presentation of a rare pathology
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Amin Tavallaii, Ehsan Keykhosravi, Hamid Rezaee
Patient was brought to us with a non-contrast CT scanning which showed a relatively large, round and well-defined lesion adjacent to frontal horn of right lateral ventricle and head of right caudate nucleus extending superiorly to centrum semiovale and anteriorly. Tumor was significantly compressing and displacing left frontal horn inferiorly and medially and midline shift of almost 1cm was also evident. Lesion had a heterogenous density with a hypodense compartment relative to brain parenchyma but hyperdense relative to CSF in favor of cystic lesion and a hyperdense part demonstrating acute hemorrhage. Peripheral segments of lesion were hyperdense in some parts and iso to hypodense in other parts. Significant vasogenic edema was also evident in the adjacent brain parenchyma. There was no sign of hydrocephalus (Figure 1(A–C)).
Clinical neuroimaging in intracerebral haemorrhage related to cerebral small vessel disease: contemporary practice and emerging concepts
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2022
Martina Goeldlin, Catriona Stewart, Piotr Radojewski, Roland Wiest, David Seiffge, David J Werring
Enlarged perivascular spaces are cerebrospinal fluid-filled spaces surrounding small brain vessels <3 mm wide with round or ovoid appearance in perpendicular and curvilinear appearance in transverse views. They appear isointense to the CSF (hyperintense in T2 and hypointense in T1 sequences) [21,93]. Doubal et al. proposed a 5-grade grading system: Centrum semiovale perivascular spaces and basal ganglia perivascular spaces are assessed separately. For the grading, which is done by localization (centrum semiovale vs. basal ganglia), the hemisphere with the higher count is used [93]. Given their association with CAA-related hemorrhage [94] and pathology-proven CAA [95], centrum semiovale perivascular spaces are included as a supportive feature for CAA diagnosis in the Boston criteria 2.0 [96,97]. Perivascular spaces have recently been identified as a potential novel imaging marker for the risk of ICH among patients taking oral anticoagulants (multivariable HR 8.96, 95% CI 2.41–33.4), underlining their potential role as an imaging marker of severe small vessel disease [98].
Diffusion tensor imaging in glioblastoma patients treated with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy: a longitudinal study
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Anna Rydelius, Björn Lampinen, Andreas Rundcrantz, Johan Bengzon, Silke Engelholm, Danielle van Westen, Sara Kinhult, Linda Knutsson, Jimmy Lätt, Markus Nilsson, Pia C. Sundgren
DTI parameters in different normal-appearing structures were analyzed after defining regions of interest (ROI) in homogenous tissue. Three different structures of the corpus callosum were examined: splenium, corpus, and genu. In each of these structures, a ROI of 50 voxels was placed, which equals 0.05 cm3. The structures were contoured on the directionally encoded color-map using the baseline-examination and manually confirmed. If needed, manual adjustments were performed, on the subsequent scans (Figure 1). Normal-appearing white matter in the centrum semiovale in the right hemisphere was contoured on the T1-weighted image. The ROIs in this structure comprised 350–545 voxels, which equals 0.35–0.545 cm3. The hippocampus and amygdala were contoured bilaterally on the T1-weighted image and manually adjusted, to exclude partial volume effects, using the MD map. The ROIs in these structures comprised 300–640 voxels and 80–120 voxels respectively, which equals to 0.30–0.64 cm3 and 0.08–0.12 cm3, respectively (Figure1). DTI measurements were excluded from the analysis when edema and/or tumor infiltration seemed to have a direct effect of the structural integrity of a specific ROI. This was determined by manual inspection of all acquired images.