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Monocyte and lymphocyte membrane markers: Ontogeny and clinical significance
Published in Gabriel Virella, Medical Immunology, 2019
Scott Sugden, Damien Montamat-Sicotte, Karen K. Yam, Joseph Murphy, Bader Yassine Diab, Virginia Litwin
CD10 is expressed on precursor and immature B cells, pre-T cells, neutrophils, and bone marrow stromal cells. CD10 is a commonly used marker for pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemias and some lymphomas. This molecule is a member of the type II membrane metalloproteinases and has neutral endopeptidase activity. CD10 on bone marrow stromal cells appears to regulate B-cell development, since inhibition of CD10 in vivo enhances B-cell maturation.
Endometrial malignant lesions
Published in T. Yee Khong, Annie N. Y. Cheung, Wenxin Zheng, Richard Wing-Cheuk Wong, Hao Chen, Diagnostic Endometrial Pathology, 2019
T. Yee Khong, Annie N. Y. Cheung, Wenxin Zheng
The endomyometrial junction is typically irregular and is one of the common problems for assessing the depth of invasion accurately (Figure 9.4). This can be largely avoided by evaluating the invasion in low power. An intact endomyometrial junction should have a relatively smooth and even border. Invasion can be confirmed by finding loss of stromal cells or benign basalis endometrial glands between the cancer and myometrium interface (Figure 9.5). It is noted that endometrial stromal cells can have fibroblastic (Figure 9.6) or smooth-muscle (Figure. 9.7) metaplasia, which may cause confusion of myometrial invasion. But these metaplastic stromal cells remain positive for CD10, which can be used to aid the diagnosis. The differences between stromal metaplasia and myometrial invasion is summarized in Table 9.1.
Development, structure, and function of the nail
Published in Eckart Haneke, Histopathology of the NailOnychopathology, 2017
The matrix is the sole structure to form the nail plate14,16,27–29 although this was disputed based on nail plate thickness measurements.30,31 Magnetic resonance imaging has shown that the length of the matrix is correlated with the nail plate thickness. Using an antibody to the proliferation marker Ki-67, the matrix was found to have a proliferation index of 20% compared to 1% in the nail bed.32 However, in nail bed diseases like psoriasis and onychomycosis, 29% nail bed labeling was found. The proliferation index, measured with antibodies to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the AgNOR technique, proportionally decreases with age.33 In adults, no hard keratins are found in the nail bed22,30,34–37 and only matrix fibroblasts are able to induce hard keratin production by nonmatrical keratinocytes.38 It was also shown that matrix fibroblasts are CD10+39 and CD34+; these specialized cells were therefore termed onychofibroblasts. CD10 represents a surface metalloproteinase, which is known as the neutral endopeptidase and is also expressed by perifollicular fibroblasts. The CD10+ onychofibroblasts are restricted to the dermis of the matrix and proximal nail bed and not present in the distal nail bed, hyponychium, and proximal nail fold.40–42
A Curious Case of Morphologically Deceptive Pediatric B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Granular “Blebbed” Blasts and DLBCL-Like Biopsy Findings
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Sunita Sharma, Kavita Gaur, Tatton Perme, Amrita Singh
The blasts in our case showed a heterogeneous side scatter varying from dim to moderate CD 45 expression, neither falling in the monocytic or megakaryocytic zones. Another point that needs addressing is the divergent results of CD10 on flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. This may be due to the loss of antigenicity of formalin-fixed bone marrow tissue after decalcification. The present case is the first such documentation in a pediatric case. Compounding the diagnostic challenges we encountered in this case, on marrow biopsy the blast cells displayed macronucleoli more reminiscent of a DLBCL. Other lymphomas displaying prominent nucleoli include anaplastic large cell lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, none of which fitted the immunohistochemical/flow cytometric profile of our case. This only highlights the diagnostic vagaries that ALL at times may display, confounding an otherwise simple diagnosis.
What do we know about the renin angiotensin system and inflammatory bowel disease?
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2022
Sheng Wei Lo, Jonathan P. Segal, John S. Lubel, Mayur Garg
Neutral endopeptidase (NEP), also known as neprilysin (CD10, common lymphoblastic leukemia antigen, enkephalinase), is a membrane-bound, zinc metalloproteinase, present in numerous organs, specifically the gastrointestinal secretory epithelial brush borders. Its role in the RAS includes the cleaving of Ang I to form Ang (1-7) that is independent of ACE2, and cleaving Ang II into inactive fragments. NEP inhibition is used, in conjunction with AT1R blockade, to reduce death from cardiovascular causes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, via its effects of vasodilatation and natriuresis [19]. On the other hand, Sargin et al reported anti-inflammatory effects of NEP activation in UC, via the hydrolysis of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides such as substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) [].
Advances in therapeutic strategies for primary CNS B-cell lymphomas
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Safaa Ramadan, Tommaso Radice, Ahmed Ismail, Stefano Fiori, Corrado Tarella
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) represents 95% of PCNSL histologic subtypes, and the remaining 5% include other histological subtypes, such as Burkitt’s, low grade B-, or T-cell lymphomas [20]. Morphologically, PCNSL cells are in the form of centroblasts and have a uniform immunophenotype that overlaps the germinal center and activated B-cell subtypes. PCNSL cells typically express CD19, CD20, and CD79a, and significant expression of BCL6 has been reported in up to 80% of cases and BCL2 in up to 93% of cases [21,22]. PCNSL cells also strongly express IRF4/MUM1 in approximately 95% of cases. CD10 is documented in up to 20% of cases, whereas plasma cell markers CD38 and CD138 are usually negative. This CD10− BCL6+ IRF4/MUM1+ phenotype indicates the non-germinal center B-cell subtype and is associated with bad prognosis [23].