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Published in David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly, MRCPsych Paper I One-Best-Item MCQs, 2017
David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly
Answer: B. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is an objective test of personality. The Rorschach and Thematic Appreciation Tests are projective tests of personality, as the tests involve the use of ambiguous and unstructured stimuli, e.g. ink blots and pictures. The Benton Visual Retention Test is a test of short-term memory. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test tests for frontal lobe pathology: it assesses the executive functions of problem solving and abstract reasoning. [AV. pp. 194–201]
The jungle book of neuropsychology: Disentangling the influence of feral childhood from adult brain injury in order to provide effective rehabilitation
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
C. J. McIntosh, A. I. W. James
However, this approach is misleading as literacy impacts on performance across all aspects of cognitive assessment in the absence of neurological diagnosis. People who are illiterate can have difficulties on executive functioning on the Colour Trails and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Coffey, Marmol, Schock, & Adams, 2005). Visuoconstructional ability can also be affected with Nielsen and Jørgensen (2013) finding that illiterate Turkish people made errors of three-dimensional (3D) and distorted relations between elements; and an impact of literacy has been found on other visual tests including the Benton Visual Retention Test (Coman et al., 1999), Cancellation tasks (Le Carret et al., 2003) and Digit Span (Karakas, Yalin, Irak, & Erzengin, 2002). There is also evidence that schooling and literacy changes brain organisation for problem solving and atypical presentations can occur for difficulties such as aphasia due to reduced language lateralisation (Ardila et al., 2010).
Does the combination of physical activity and attention training affect the motor skills and cognitive activities of individuals with mild intellectual disability?
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2023
Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) is an individually administered, performance dependant test which incorporates various cognitive components like visual perception, visual memory, visual-spatial cognitive abilities and widely used both in clinics and researches (Sivan 1992, Benton 1974, Didycz et al.2018). Analysing the researches in the fields of medicine, psychology and education, it is observed that there are various researches associated with visual memory (Kulp et al.2002, Le Carret et al.2003, Nielson et al.2014, Whisler 1974, Zappalà et al.1995). BVRT was used to determine the visual short-term memory capacities of the students involved in the research. Test can be applied to children and adults. It consisted of three alternative forms based on drawing and prepared at equal levels (C, D, E) and four different alternative administration methods (A, B, C, D) regarding these forms. It also included F and G formats which provided opportunity for additional verbal application of the test, and therefore multiple choice recognition-based application method (M) prepared for these forms. Application of the test for F and G formats (Verbal recognition): F, G formats are verbal and includes 15 plans. To use each form, 5 min. was given. The student was asked to try to do this command: ‘Firstly, I'll show you cardboard with an image thereon. After you examine this picture for ten seconds, I'm getting to ask you to seek out the first picture you see on another card with four pictures’. The student could show the image or say its name. During this study, BVRT-F format was used. It was applied during a quiet classroom at school to the students successively. Tests were administered by one researcher and a couple of assistant trainers who were experts in attention training and tests.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and the possible underlying neurodegenerative effect of anaesthesia
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2019
Mona Hussein, Wael Fathy, Tamer Nabil, Rehab Abd Elkareem
Cognitive assessment: Cognitive functions for the patients were assessed preoperative and 1 week postoperative using the following psychometric tests: Paired Associate Learning test (PALT):Aim: to assess verbal memory. The test uses the concept of semantic cueingAdministration and scoring: In this test, the examiner says ten associated pairs in front of the candidate. These pairs contain 6 compatible semantically related pairs and 4 incompatible semantically unrelated pairs. After one minute, the candidate is given the first word of the pairs and is asked to recall the second word. The test is repeated three times. Each correct compatible pair takes a score 0.5, while each correct incompatible pair takes a score 1. The total score ranges from 0 to 21 [24].Benton Visual Retention test (BVRT):Aim: to assess visual perceptual, visual memory, visual motor and visuoconstructive abilities.Administration and scoring: In this test 10 cards are introduced to the candidate, the first two cards consist of one major geometric figure, and the other eight cards consist of two major figures and a smaller peripheral figure. Each card is displayed for 10 seconds and then withdrawn. The candidate is instructed to draw the design from memory on a blank piece of paper. Two scoring systems (the correct score and the error score) are available for the evaluation of a subject’s performance on the test. The correct score has a range of 0 to 10, because each of the 10 designs is scored on an all-or-none basis and given a credit of 1 or 0. The error score allows both quantitative and qualitative analysis of a subject’s performance. It is based on the number of correct figures. Each figure is given a credit of 0 or 1 according to the presence of an error or not. Six major types of errors are noted; omissions, distortions, perseverations, rotations, misplacements, and size errors. The error score ranges from 0 to 26 [25].