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The art and science of mindfulness
Published in Antonella Sansone, Cultivating Mindfulness to Raise Children Who Thrive, 2020
Neural changes resulting from mindfulness meditation may increase the efficiency of attentional control (Malinowski, 2013). Focused attention meditation is typically practised first to increase the ability to enhance attentional stability, and awareness of mental states with the goal being the ability to monitor moment-by-moment changes in experience. Mindfulness meditation may lead to greater cognitive flexibility (Kashdan & Rottenberg, 2010). Neuroscientists tell us that perception is never “the thing as it is”. Mindful awareness does permit us to get as close as we can to clear vision, to a grounded receptive state, which allows mothers and fathers to connect fully with the feelings and experiences of their preborn babies. To be open to experiencing, we first need to be in a state of intentionality to receive (Siegel, 2007).
BCI and Games: Playful, Experience-Oriented Learning by Vivid Feedback?
Published in Chang S. Nam, Anton Nijholt, Fabien Lotte, Brain–Computer Interfaces Handbook, 2018
Silvia E. Kober, Manuel Ninaus, Elisabeth V.C. Friedrich, Reinhold Scherer
More interesting and immersive feedback modalities might also attract users’ attention and might reduce the number of task-irrelevant thoughts or mind-wandering episodes, which often occur in monotonous and boring tasks and reduce task performance (Mrazek et al. 2011; Ros et al. 2013; Smallwood and Schooler 2006). Generally, there is evidence that an increased ability to focus on the BCI/NF task leads to an improved BCI/NF performance (Tan et al. 2014). In this context, Tan et al. (2014) demonstrated that mindfulness meditation training led to higher BCI accuracy rates than other interventions such as a music intervention or no interventions. Mindfulness is defined as a cognitive state of being attentive to and aware of what is happening in the present moment, inside as well as outside one’s own body, without judging it (Lu et al. 2014). It is associated with self-regulation and attentional control (Lu et al. 2014; Tan et al. 2014). Improved self-regulation and attentional focus improves cognitive performance in general and consequently BCI/NF performance (Tan et al. 2014).
Therapeutic Monitoring of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using fNIRS Assessment
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
In addition, to elucidate the neural basis of the effects of MPH and ATX on ADHD children, experimental design should be optimized for a neuropharmacological context, including a randomized, double-blind design with a comparison to healthy control subjects. Thus we enrolled 69 ADHD children and age- and sex-matched control subjects and examined the neuropharmacological effects of MPH and ATX on the inhibition and attention control, utilizing a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled design.
The Gold Medal Profile for Sport Psychology (GMP-SP)
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2023
Natalie Durand-Bush, Joseph Baker, Frank van den Berg, Véronique Richard, Gordon A. Bloom
Attention is a component of athletic performance that must continually be regulated to achieve success in sport (Baumeister, 1984). Attentional control, also known as concentrating or focusing, involves deliberately directing one’s attention to a stimulus (e.g., object, cue) to perform a task (Boutcher, 2002). The information processing framework (Marteniuk, 1976) postulates that attentional control relies on attentional selectivity (e.g., allow relevant information to be processed by the nervous system via the five senses, although leaving out irrelevant information), (b) attentional capacity (e.g., attend to a limited amount of information at one time and capacity depends on whether a task is new/well-learned and simple/complex; Schneider et al., 1984), and (c) attentional alertness (e.g., level of emotional arousal impacts information processing whereby increased emotional arousal reduces alertness; Easterbrook, 1959). Anxiety-provoking situations can cause attention to be internally shifted to focus on movement execution, which can disrupt the coordination of automatic processes and lead to choking. Expert athletes with automatized skills tend to perform best with an external focus although novice athletes often benefit from using an internal focus to pay attention to movement execution (Wulf, 2013).
Child maltreatment and cognitive vulnerabilities: Examining the link to posttraumatic stress symptoms
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2021
Hannah C. Espeleta, Danielle L. Taylor, Jacob D. Kraft, DeMond M. Grant
Furthermore, clinical interventions aimed at improving attentional control and RNT should be applied and tested to help ameliorate cognitive after effects of trauma. Current interventions have demonstrated promise at improving attentional control, such as mindfulness-based approaches.76 These approaches should be adapted and validated for college students with trauma histories to determine its effectiveness at reducing PTSS following childhood maltreatment. It is possible that these interventions could be facilitated through on-campus services, such as mindfulness-based therapy groups or biofeedback techniques within a university’s counseling center. Academic accommodations also may be useful for students demonstrating deficits in attentional control following early traumatic experiences. Extended time on tests, use of on-campus testing centers, and audio recording lectures may be helpful techniques to combat these attentional difficulties. Current clinical interventions have been developed for children and adults with childhood maltreatment histories that address RNT,77–79 and given the combined role of RNT and attentional control in PTSS, mindfulness-based approaches may be beneficial as a supplemental treatment component for early maltreatment experiences. Childhood maltreatment is linked to attentional and emotional difficulties which may lead to difficulties in young adulthood and beyond. Researchers should continue to investigate these associations and universities should increase efforts toward early interventions for these at-risk populations.
Using the Walking Corsi test to explain age-related differences between young and older adults’ rotation performance
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2021
Elena Carbone, Chiara Meneghetti, Irene Cristina Mammarella, Erika Borella
First, our findings showed that the backward WalCT, like the classical backward CBT and the other two classical VSWM measures considered (the Puzzle and the PST), were sensitive to the effects of age, with older adults performing worse than younger ones. This was expected because all these tasks demand processing resources and attentional control (e.g., Brown, 2016; Mammarella et al., 2013), which are known to decline with aging (e.g., Borella et al., 2008). In line with the literature and our hypotheses, age-related differences in favour of young adults were also confirmed for both the mental rotation and the perspective-taking tasks (e.g., Borella et al., 2014; Techentin et al., 2014), while the two age groups did not differ in their spatial self-assessments, which are fairly stable individual characteristics (e.g., Borella et al., 2014).