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CSF Circulation and Disorders
Published in Swati Goyal, Neuroradiology, 2020
Aqueductal stenosis is a frequent cause of congenital and acquired non-communicating hydrocephalus, with congenital causes including aqueductal webs/diaphragms or gliosis, and acquired causes including external compression by tumors or intrinsic abnormalities like infection, inflammation or hemorrhage.
Central nervous system
Published in Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson, The Essential Guide to the New FRCR Part 2A and Radiology Boards, 2017
Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson
Are the following statements regarding neurofibromatosis true or false? Neurofibromatosis type 1 is associated with bilateral acoustic neuromas.Neurofibromatosis type 1 is associated with optic nerve gliomas in 20–30% of patients.Multiple T1 bright lesions are a recognised feature.Benign aqueductal stenosis causing hydrocephalus is a recognised feature.Plexiform neurofibromas usually present at the foramen magnum.
Long and short cases
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Al-Haddad, Neurosurgery, 2014
Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Al-Haddad
Associated conditions. Schwann cell tumours on any nerve.Spinal +/− peripheral nerve neurofibromas.Multiple skin neurofibromas.Aqueductal stenosis.Macrocephaly.Intracranial tumours: astroctyomas, mengingiomas.Optic glioma.Kyphoscoliosis.Syringomyelia.Malignant tumours: neuroblastoma, ganglioma, sarcoma, leukaemia, Wilm’s tumour.Phaechromocytoma.Mental retardation.Learning difficulties.
Hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis presenting with acute bilateral ptosis: case report
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2020
Mingxing Wu, Xiushan Ge, Yanbin Li, Jiye Li, Minglei Ma, Di Wu, Xiaoyin Peng, Bingke Zhang
A 28-month-old right-handed girl without any previous neurological disease presented with a 7-d history of bilateral ptosis (Figure 1). She had no headache, nausea or vomiting. Myasthenia gravis was excluded. MRI showed enlargement of the supratentorial ventricular system and aqueductal stenosis (Figures 2 and 3). Eye movements were full horizontally and vertically both sides. Pupils were 3 mm and equally reactive to light. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) was performed. At surgery, the floor of the third ventricle was thin and the basilar artery tip could be seen through it. A 5 mm vetriculostomy was fashioned. Liliequist membrane was present, it was also fenestrated surgically (Figure 4). Her bilateral ptosis improved 3 d after the ETV. Her symptoms completely resolved within the next few weeks without any complications (Figure 5). She was retrospectively noted to be more active and have improved continence as well.
Parkinsonism after chronic subdural haematoma followed by ventriculoperitoneal shunt for obstructive hydrocephalus: a case report
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Jie Zhou, Yitian Chen, Changren Huang, Yang Ming, Wei Xiang, Shenjie Li, Qi Hu, Tao Peng, Ligang Chen, Luotong Liu
A 45-year-old, right-handed male had a 3-year history of intermittent headaches, dizziness and decreased vision. Symptoms had become gradually aggravated 4 months before the patient’s admission with a progressive gait disturbance. Neurological examination showed no abnormal signs. An MRI revealed obstructive hydrocephalus with a dilatation of the ventricles (Figure 1). The patient was diagnosed with obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis. The patient underwent a VPS via the anterior horn of the right lateral ventricle. The intraventricular pressure was 25 cmH2O. A Braun ProGAV-SHUNTSYSTEM with CONTROL RESERVOIR® (Braun, Potsdam, Germany) was used, with an initial opening pressure set at 5 cmH2O. His symptoms disappeared completely immediately after the surgery, and a CT scan showed that the ventricles were of normal size with a mild intracranial pneumatosis (Figure 2(A)). The patient was discharged from our hospital without neurological deficits.
Endoscopic neuroendoscopy using a novel ventricular access port
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2018
Andrew John Gauden, Calum Pears, Andrew Parker, Kelvin Woon, Helge Köck, Martin Hunn, Warren Symons, Agadha Wickremesekera
Of the 86 patients 28 patients (32.5%) had a diagnosis of cerebral aqueductal stenosis. Of the remaining causes, hydrocephalus secondary to a neoplastic lesion was the most common cause in 30 patients (34.8%). Of these patients 9 patients (10.4%) had histological confirmation of a high-grade glioma and 4 patients had evidence of cerebral metastatic lesions (4.6%). 10 patients (11.6%) had a subsequent diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus and four patients (4.7%) had evidence of prior shunt blockage. Three patients (3.5%) had evidence of hydrocephalus secondary to ventriculitis/meningitis and two patients (2.3%) had evidence of intraventricular haemorrhage. The remaining 9 patients (10.5%) had hydrocephalus of unknown aetiology.