China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Bright's disease and syphilis
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
The conclusion that one disease suppresses another dissimilar chronic disease on the basis of above observation was wrong. What is Bright's disease, “Any one of a group of kidney disease attending with albuminuria and oedema known as Bright's disease” (Dorland, 1965). And what are the symptoms of nephritic syndrome? Acute nephritic syndrome consists of the abrupt onset of hematuria, proteinuria, azotemia, reduced GFR, hypertension, and edema. Nephritic syndrome is also included in Bright's disease. Within a week or so of onset, most patients with postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis will begin to experience spontaneous resolution of hypertension and fluid retention (Brenner, 1983, p. 1632). “In cases of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, all experience a spontaneous resolution of abnormal clinical signs within a week after the onset of illness. Abnormalities in the urinary sediment and protein excretion subside slowly in the ensuing months. In a few cases several years elapse before the urinary sediment becomes consistently normal” (Brenner, 1983, p. 1633). “In many instances nephritic syndrome will abate following cure of the infection or withdrawal of the offending medication” (Brenner, 1983, p. 1640) and we know that various infections are self-limiting due to body immunity.
Epidermolysis bullosa
Published in Biju Vasudevan, Rajesh Verma, Dermatological Emergencies, 2019
JEB with pyloric atresia is lethal in the neonatal period and has poor prognosis with death within a few months of life. There is generalized blistering with variable anemia and growth retardation. Laryngoonychocutaneous (LOC) syndrome is a rare variant of JEB. It is seen in individuals of Punjabi Muslim origin. There are short-lived blisters with erosions, exuberant granulation tissue, dystrophy of nails, and laryngeal involvement (hoarseness) [9]. Complications in LOC syndrome include anemia and growth failure. JEB with respiratory and renal involvement is a rare autosomal recessive type of JEB presenting with generalized blisters and renal and respiratory involvement present at birth or later. Mortality occurs during the neonatal period due to severe respiratory distress and interstitial pneumopathy. Rarely, patients can present with congenital nephritic syndrome [3].
Urinary system
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Nephritic syndrome General fluid retentionUsually associated with hypertensionPathological feature: dysmorphic renal cells, red cell castsCauses: glomerulonephritis (post-streptococcal, post-infections, systemic lupus erythematosus, Henoch–Schönlein purpura)Symptoms: – oliguria– hypertension– haematuriaManagement: – treat HT– restrict sodium and fluid intake
Predictive role of laboratory markers and clinical features for recurrent Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in childhood: A study from Turkey
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2020
Şule Gökçe, Zafer Kurugöl, Güldane Koturoğlu, Aslı Aslan
The epidemiological and demographic data including age, gender, seasonal contact time were analyzed. Previous infections, vaccinations, and insect bites were all recorded as provided they were within two weeks prior to the first symptom. Fever was considered to be present if the temperature was >37.7 °C. Renal involvement was defined as follows: Microscopic hematuria was defined when the urine test result was > 5 erythrocytes/mm3; gross hematuria was defined when blood in the urine could be seen with the naked eye. Severe nephropathy was considered to be present when the patient had 1 of the following findings: nephrotic syndrome: defined as plasma albumin level under 25g/L and either 1g of proteinuria/d per m2 of body surface area in children, with or without the presence of edema; or acute nephritic syndrome that was defined as hematuria with at least 2 of the following features; hypertension, elevated plasma urea or creatinine serum levels, and oliguria. Rash location means purpura mainly concentrated in parts of the body. The joint involvement was described as the presence of joint swelling and/or limitation of joint movement. Gastrointestinal involvement was defined as bowel angina (characterized by the presence of diffuse abdominal pain), gastrointestinal bleeding (melena or hematochezia or the child had a positive stool Guaiac test), and nausea and vomiting in the context of the clinical duration of vasculitis. Stomachache and hematemesis also support gastrointestinal involvement.
Optimization of initial dosing scheme of tacrolimus in pediatric refractory nephrotic syndrome patients based on CYP3A5 genotype and coadministration with wuzhi-capsule
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Xiao Chen, Dong-Dong Wang, Hong Xu, Zhi-Ping Li
Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most challenges in renal disease of children, whose incidence is approximately 0.16‰ (Eddy & Symons, 2003). The disease is accompanied by edema, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia, and mass of proteinuria, which severely impair kidney function (Certikova-Chabova & Tesar, 2013). Among pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome, about 20% of children are not obtainable to complete remission and eventually become steroid-resistant nephritic syndrome (McKinney et al., 2001). In steroid-resistant nephritic syndrome patients, approximately 80–90% of children experience a recurrence of the disease, in which 50% patients finally go into steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (Koskimies et al., 1982; Lombel et al., 2013; Tarshish et al., 1997). Hence, it is urgent to search for the clinical treatment of pediatric refractory nephrotic syndrome, in which steroid-resistant nephritic syndrome and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome are included (Wang et al., 2018a).
C3 glomerulopathy: experience of a pediatric nephrology center
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Fatma Yazılıtaş, Evrim Kargın Çakıcı, Eda Didem Kurt Şükür, Gökçe Can, Tülin Güngör, Diclehan Orhan, Mehmet Bülbül
The diagnosis of C3G was made by renal biopsy and clinical evaluation. Electron microscopy was not able to perform for kidney biopsies in all patients, and thus, DDD or C3GN classification of C3G was not available for the included patients. Hematuria was defined as the presence of more than five red blood cells per high-power field (RBC/hpf) in centrifuged fresh urine specimen. Gross hematuria was defined as visible urine discoloration due to the presence of blood. The following definitions were used for proteinuria (in 24-h urinary protein excretion): absence of proteinuria ≤4 mg/m2/h; non-nephrotic proteinuria between 4 and 40 mg/m2/h); and nephrotic proteinuria ≥40 mg/m2/h. Nephrotic syndrome was defined as the presence of hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin ≤2.5 g/dL) and nephrotic proteinuria. Nephritic syndrome was diagnosed based on the presence of reduced renal function (glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <90 mL/min/1.73 m2), arterial hypertension, hematuria, and non-nephrotic proteinuria. Arterial hypertension was defined as blood pressure values above the 95th percentile for age, gender, and height in at least three individual measurements [4]. The eGFR was calculated using the Schwartz formula [5]. Acute kidney injury was accepted as pediatric RIFLE score (pRIFLE) category F (failure) or L (loss) [6]. Both the normal level of eGFR (>90 mL/min/1.73 m2) and the sustained reduction of proteinuria (<40 mg/m2/h or at more than 50% decrease) were accepted as complete remission of C3 glomerulopathy. The normalization of eGFR, presence of abnormal urinary findings, and at least a 50% reduction of proteinuria were defined as partial remission.