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Urolithiasis
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA):Defective distal renal secretion of H+ (Type 1); orDefective proximal HCO3− reabsorption (Type 2).This results in metabolic acidosis, hyperchloraemia, impaired urinary acidification, and urolithiasis.Distal RTA − defect of the apical H+/K+-ATPases of α-intercalated cells:Inability to secrete H+ → serum acidosisAcidic urinary pH does not fall below 5.3.Acidic urine favours CaP precipitation.Increased proximal reabsorption of citrate → lowers urinary citrate → reduces inhibition of urolithiasis
PerformLyte—A Prodosomed PL425 PEC Phytoceutical-Enriched Electrolyte Supplement—Supports Nutrient Repletion, Healthy Blood pH, Neuromuscular Synergy, Cellular and Metabolic Homeostasis
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Bernard W. Downs, Manashi Bagchi, Bruce S. Morrison, Jeffrey Galvin, Steve Kushner, Debasis Bagchi
Following is a snapshot of consequences of hyperchloremia128 (a massive increase in chloride level) and hypochloremia (a significant reduction in chloride level): Hyperchloremia causes diarrhea, kidney diseases, and hyperactivity of the parathyroid glands, which ultimately demineralize the skeletal tissues.126,127Hypochloremia is caused by heavy sweating and vomiting in the diseases of adrenal glands and kidneys.127–129
Antifungal use in transplant recipients: Selection, administration, and monitoring
Published in Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, John R. Perfect, Antifungal Therapy, 2019
Richard H. Drew, Mary L. Townsend, Melanie W. Pound, Steven W. Johnson
Adverse events associated with amphotericin B are frequent and sometimes treatment-limiting. Infusion-related reactions (such as pain at the injection site, chills, rigors, fever, phlebitis, headache, bronchospasm, hypotension, nausea, and vomiting) occur in 70%–90% of patients and may diminish despite continued therapy [9,20,30,31]. Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity is also common. Azotemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperchloremia, renal tubular acidosis, or nephrocalcinosis have all been reported as manifestations of such toxicity [9]. Depending on the manifestation, patient risk factors and formulation of amphotericin B, such reactions occur in 24%–80% of patients [30,32].
Effects of low-dose furosemide combined with aminophylline on the renal function in septic shock patients
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Zhenhua Mai, Yaying Tan, Yang Zhu, Zilong Yang, Hongpeng Chen, Shuting Cai, Wangwang Hu, Xiaoyan Wang, Fenghua Ding, Liehua Deng
Some patients have a higher risk of hyperchloremia after undergoing full fluid resuscitation, especially after using normal saline. Results from a large study [27] showed that compared with balanced crystalloid solution, the saline group had a higher incidence of major adverse renal events (death from any cause, new renal replacement therapy, persistent renal insufficiency). This indicates that there might be an unexplored association between hyperchloremia and the above outcomes. Post hoc analysis of the ‘HYPER2S’ trial [28] suggested that acidosis caused by hyperchloremia was more frequent, but there was no clear evidence demonstrating the connection of hyperchloremia with an increased risk for AKI or mortality.
A dose-response relationship study of hypertonic saline on brain relaxation during supratentorial brain tumour craniotomy
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2018
Joaquín Hernández-Palazón, Diego Fuentes-García, Paloma Doménech-Asensi, Sebastián Burguillos-López, Joaquín García-Ferreira, Luis Falcón-Araña, Claudio Piqueras-Pérez
In addition to an elevation in serum sodium concentration, little is currently known regarding acute changes in other electrolytes after HS therapy. Chloride concentrations increased after administration of HS due to higher amounts of chloride from hypertonic solutions (3% HS contains 513 mEq/L of chloride). 33% of our studied patients presented a moderate hyperchloremia (chloride value ≥115 mmol/L) after administration of HS which was sustained for 6 h of study. These results suggest that chloride values should be monitored closely during HS treatment as moderate elevations can potentiate hyperchloremic acidosis and acute kidney injury in neurological patients.21
Implications of hyperchloremia in critically ill patients
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2022
Fawzy Abbas Badawy, Ahmed Elsaeed, Nehal Samir, Abdelhady Ahmed Helmy
Chloride is the primary anion of the extracellular fluid and is essential for serum electroneutrality, acid–base balance, muscular contraction, neutrophils activity, and osmolarity [1]. Hyperchloremia is defined as plasma chloride concentrations of more than 111 mmol/l, according to local laboratory variations [2]. Increased chloride levels in critically ill subjects in the ICU may result from infusion with fluids with a low bicarbonate level or by giving Cl-rich fluids excessively [3]. Also, increased Cl- levels probably may affect the end outcome of critically ill subjects, leading to renal injury, longer hospitalization, or death [4].