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Principles of Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy
Published in Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Hal A. Skopicki, Javed Butler, Heart Failure, 2023
Erika L. Hellenbart, Stephanie Dwyer Kaluzna, Robert J. DiDomenico
The most common adverse reactions associated with loop diuretics include electrolyte and fluid depletion, azotemia, hypotension, and WRF. Hypokalemia is the most common electrolyte disturbance seen with loop diuretics and has been associated with increased mortality in patients with HF.66–69 Therefore, serum potassium concentrations should be monitored closely in these patients, with potassium repleted as needed. Because magnesium is required for intracellular potassium transport and hypomagnesemia is also common in patients treated with loop diuretics, serum magnesium levels should also be monitored followed by magnesium supplementation, as necessary. Hypotension, azotemia, and WRF are typically suggestive of intravascular volume depletion due to over-diuresis and typically warrant diuretic dose reduction.9,59
A pensioner with ‘waterworks’ problems
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Urea and creatinine are raised, and potassium may be alarmingly high at presentation. Other electrolyte disturbances include acidosis, hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia.
Acid-Base, Electrolyte And Renal Emergencies
Published in Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan, Emergency Medicine, 2020
Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan
Electrolyte disturbances are commonly associated with cardiovascular emergencies and may cause cardiac arrhythmias and cardiopulmonary arrest. Prompt recognition and immediate treatment of electrolyte disorders can prevent cardiac arrest.
Cronkhite-Canada syndrome: a retrospective analysis of four cases at a single medical center
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Xing Yu, Chengdang Wang, Mi Wang, Yinchen Wu, Linlin Zhang, Qinyu Yang, Long Chen
Laboratory examination results are listed in Table 1. Fecal occult blood test results were positive in all the patients. Serum albumin (ALB) decreased in three patients, of which two were significantly lower (14.3 and 20.6 g/L, respectively) and one was slightly lower (36.4 g/L). Hemoglobin (HGB) was slightly lower than normal in two patients (118 g/L and 124 g/L). Electrolyte disturbances (serum potassium, sodium, or calcium) were present in two patients. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level was elevated in one patient. One patient was weakly positive for anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA). One patient was positive for Ro-52 antibody. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA), antineutrophil antibody (ANCA) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were normal in all the patients.
A rare report of obstructive nephropathy induced hyponatremia
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Sherif Elkattawy, Tanya Shankar, Islam Younes, Ramez Alyacoub, Hardik Fichadiya, Aravinda Reddy
Hyponatremia (Serum Na: <135) is the most common electrolyte disturbance affecting 15–28% of hospitalized patients [1]. Causes are numerous ranging from excessive diuretic use (sodium loss) to volume overload (heart failure) to pancreatitis. One of the most common causes of hyponatremia is Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti Diuretic Hormone (SIADH). Approximately 33% of all cases of hyponatremia are due to SIADH. SIADH is more common in elderly population due to an exaggerated release of vasopressin in response to serum hyperosmolarity [2]. It is associated with increased risk of falls, osteoporosis, fractures, altered mental status and increased morbidity and mortality [3]. SIADH is a diagnosis of exclusion and most of the time the etiology remains unclear. Some commonly proposed causes are CNS diseases, pulmonary diseases, malignancies and drugs [4]. In this case report, we discuss a patient with urinary retention, post an orthopedic surgery, causing hyponatremia that resolved post foley placement.
Renal complications in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2020
Setor K. Kunutsor, Jari A. Laukkanen
We have provided up-to-date data on the different renal manifestations of COVID-19 as well as their incidence rates. In addition, prevalence estimates of common renal comorbidities have also been presented. Other strengths of this study include ability to synthesize the data quantitatively as well as exploration for sources of heterogeneity. There were some limitations which were mostly inherent and included (i) inability to generalize the findings and the possibility of patient overlap, given that the majority of studies were based in China; (ii) the definition of CKD and classification into stages were not reported by included studies; (iii) a number of studies did not report on the definition for AKI; however, the majority defined AKI according to KDIGO criteria; (iv) studies reporting on the complications of acidosis and alkalosis did not distinguish whether these outcomes were of renal or lung origin; (v) one study reported an outcome of electrolyte disturbance, but did not provide a definition of this; (vi) the potential for differences in the timing during hospitalisation with regards to assessment of complications; and (vii) the low sample sizes of some of the studies.