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Artificial Intelligence
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Everyday Technologies in Healthcare, 2019
Hadi Mat Rosly, Maziah Mat Rosly
Incidentally, by working through the search activities of a user in a search engine, AI boosted by big data analysis has also demonstrated the ability to indicate if they had been diagnosed with cancer. By combining these algorithms with big data sets from users’ search logs, researchers are now able to offer early diagnoses of pancreatic cancer between 5% and 15% of cases, returning almost no false positives (Paparrizos, White & Horvitz 2016). It is important to note that pancreatic cancer symptoms are incredibly difficult to detect in its early stages, with high mortality rates if presented at the later stages. Big data combined with complex AI algorithms, can provide potential for early diagnosis, thus giving early treatment intervention and improving survival rates. In relation to atypical presentations of specific illnesses, such as dementia (Egger & Rijntjes 2018), there is a growing need for AI combined with computer-aided big data analyses. The current scenario of medicine and health is bound by sub-specialisation diversity, coupled with rapidly increasing amount of new knowledge on the disease pathogenesis. As a result, the speed of patient disease diagnosis can be significantly reduced through the ongoing support of big data AI algorithms. With the homogenisation of underlying symptoms, clinical signs, biological imaging, epidemiological characteristics, molecular genetics and economic data allow for more appropriate generation of prevention and treatment decision support.
An investigative expansion of a competing risk model for first failure site in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2019
Thomas Lacoppidan, Ivan R. Vogelius, Mette Pøhl, Malene Strange, Gitte F. Persson, Lotte Nygård
Clinical stage is an anatomy-based biomarker that has demonstrated extensive prognostic relevance and is used daily in clinical routine to guide treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the clinical stage and TNM-systems focus on overall survival prognostication and do not address the question of the most probable site of recurrence. The question of most likely failure mode (locoregional failure (LRF), distant metastasis (DM) or competing risk of death without prior disease progression) is of particular relevance to radiotherapy for NSCLC where tumor control remains a substantial challenge and severe toxicity limits the possibility of treatment intensification [1,2]. A failure-type specific prognostic tool may be of relevance both in patient counseling, treatment decision support and not least in selecting patients for clinical trials of intensified treatment regimens.
Overcoming diagnostic issues in precision treatment of pancreatic cancer
Published in Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development, 2018
J.-Matthias Löhr, Maximilian Kordes, Wiktor Rutkowski, Rainer Heuchel, Maria Gustafsson-Liljefors, Aman Russom, Mats Nilsson
Pancreatic cancer represents a medical emergency with a highly unmet medical need for biomarkers and therapy as well.Due to the position in the body, obtaining a biological sample suitable for diagnosis including biomarkers is the biggest challenge in pancreatic cancer.As resistance to conventional and targeted therapy is common in pancreatic cancer, this tumor is an ideal target for precision treatment.At present, there is not a single biomarker available that has any influence on therapy, let alone precision treatment.High-throughput sequencing with NGS can be performed in pancreatic cancer patients and may reveal novel therapeutic approaches.As NGS becomes a commodity, data analysis producing clinically applicable recommendations for therapy becomes more pressing.Oncology treatment decision support with AI-supported software taking in all evidence in a holistic approach (dataome) will be the way to reach concrete, tangible treatment recommendations.Prospective clinical studies with NGS and precision treatment are imperative.Reimbursement and health economics are pivotal issues that warrant immediate attention.