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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
The temporomandibular joints, or TMJs, are the pair of joints between the mandible and the temporal bones of the skull (Figure 10.39). Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is a common problem, causing pain in the involved joint, clicking noises on chewing, and restricted jaw movement. Arthritis may be a cause of TMJD. Patients with osteoarthritis or internal derangement of the TMJ, perhaps from previous trauma, often have synovitis of the TMJ.95 This creates chronic inflammation in the synovial tissue, progressive degradation of the cartilage, and subchondral bone remodeling.96
Paper 3
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
Concerning temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) which one of the following is not true? Approximately one-third of people will suffer from TMJD in their lifetime.It tends to be worse in the morning.Normal jaw opening is limited.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) should be checked.Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are a useful treatment option.
Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Published in Gary W. Jay, Chronic Pain, 2007
The first essential step here, as easy as it may sound, is to determine if you are dealing with a headache or facial pain or both. Although the temporalis, upper trapezius, and the sternal division of the sternocleidomastoid muscles can cause tension-type headache, they can also cause atypical facial pain with neuralgic aspects. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ) may be overdiagnosed, with patients receiving splints and surgery(s) among other treatments for what is essentially a masseter muscle problem. This has also been called myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) when it applies to the face. It is obviously important to know the regions of referred pain from head and neck muscle TrPs.
Video laryngeal masks in airway management
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Manuel Á. Gómez-Ríos, Teresa López, José Alfonso Sastre, Tomasz Gaszyński, André A. J. Van Zundert
Potential complicates are due to a (forceful) insertion of SADs causing trauma and injury to: a) teeth, lips, tongue; b) mucosa of the oropharynx (blood staining, bleeding); c) glottic structures (vocal cords, epiglottis, arytenoids); d) nerves (recurrent laryngeal, lingual, hypoglossal, inferior alveolar nerves); e) lungs (pulmonary edema may follow vigorous biting on the shaft of the SAD resulting in complete obstruction of the airway); f) laryngospasm and bronchospasm; and g) temporomandibular joint dysfunction [1,30,31]. Sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia may result after incorrect insertion of the device or inadequate monitoring of intracuff pressure, avoiding hyperinflation, which results in a decrease in mucosal perfusion. Meticulous attention to the correct insertion process and continuous evaluation of intracuff pressure (during induction and maintenance of anesthesia) is warranted to avoid these traumata.
Assessing our approach to diagnosing Fibromyalgia
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2020
heightened [4,20]. Fibromyalgia as the most prevalent member of the ‘central sensitivity syndromes,’ shares considerable overlap with other member conditions in that group such as autonomic dysfunction suggested by associated symptoms including irritable bowel, interstitial cystitis, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and many others [4,18]. This compilation of signs and clinical symptoms poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to medicine [1–4]. In fact, FM remains undiagnosed in as many as 3 out of 4 people with the condition, with a range of up to 5 years between the time of onset of symptoms to diagnosis [16,21,22]. This extended period between disease onset and diagnosis leads to years of unnecessary medical investigations and can result in delayed and potentially suboptimal treatment [2,22–26]. In contrast, overdiagnosis of FM in individuals with ill-defined pain is also a concern that may lead to inappropriate treatment and adverse outcomes [23,27].
Light-triggered nanoparticles for pain management
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Gracia Mendoza, Manuel Arruebo
Acute and chronic neuropathic pain affects millions of people worldwide. The key factors involved in the application of DDS for pain relief are depicted in Figure 1. Light therapy is used in the treatment of chronic pain to avoid the associated side effects of pharmacological interventions although its benefits remain controversial in mainstream medicine [17]. Multicenter clinical trials have shown demonstrated benefits of the use of low-level light therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of chronic, hard-to-heal wounds with a reduction of pain perception [18]. Also, compared to traditional procedures, LLLT has been demonstrated as effective in the management of oro-facial pain [19] and in the decrease of temporomandibular joint dysfunction pain [20]. However, it is accepted that there are insufficient data to either support or rebut the efficacy of LLLT for pain management and clinical trials evaluating different light doses, pulse structure, wavelengths, and application intervals are needed.