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Morphea
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Morphea, also known as localized scleroderma, causes painless reddened single or multiple patches of skin that gradually become white or yellow. The patches eventually thicken into firm, oval-shaped discolored plaques (due to excessive collagen deposition). Over time the patches may become hard, dry, and smooth.1 It is noncontagious and is more likely to occur in women. Plaques most often occur on the abdomen, chest, and back, but can appear on the face, arms, or legs. There are several types of morphea. The lesions tend to disappear on their own, but this may take years. Therapy aimed at reducing inflammatory activity in the early stages of the disease is more successful than attempts to decrease sclerosis in well-established lesions.
The Special Sense Organs and Their Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Nerve deafness, also called perceptive or sensorineural deafness, is caused by to disease of the cochlea or of the cochlear division of the eighth cranial nerve. Conductive deafness results from disease of the middle ear such as otosclerosis, chronic otitis media, or from occlusion (closure) of the external auditory canal or eustachian tube. Otosclerosis (oto + sclerosis, Greek word meaning hardening) is the term for new formation of spongy bone about the stapes, preventing proper vibration of the bones, which prevents transmission of sound waves to the inner ear, resulting in progressively increasing deafness.
The kidneys
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Progressive systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease with renal involvement. The renal manifestations include acute renal failure (scleroderma renal crisis), often irreversible, with severe hypertension. The disease occurs in a patient with the otherwise typical features of systemic sclerosis.
Effects of equine-assisted therapy on the functionality of individuals with disabilities: systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Alessandra Prieto, Kênnea Martins almeida Ayupe, Latife Nemetala Gomes, Ana Cristina Saúde, Paulo Gutierres Filho
Riding a horse may have primary effects on some body functions described by ICF, such as exercise tolerance, joint function mobility and muscle power function (World Health Organization, 2001), considering the demand imposed on the individuals. In this review, two studies mentioned the effects of EAT on exercise tolerance in individuals with multiple sclerosis and identified a significant improvement of these individuals (Moraes et al., 2020; Vermöhlen et al., 2017). During these studies, the control groups did not perform any additional intervention; therefore, the positive result may have occurred as a result of increased intervention in the EAT group (Moraes et al., 2020; Vermöhlen et al., 2017). Exercise tolerance, a function of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, is important for everyday tasks, such as taking care of oneself, studying and working (Lennon et al., 2015). These studies shows that EAT may be effective for improving exercise tolerance in individuals with limited mobility such as patients with multiple sclerosis, with high confidence in its positive effect (Moraes et al., 2020; Vermöhlen et al., 2017). Further studies are needed in order to examine the effects of EAT on this outcome in others health conditions and to correlate its results with social participation.
Retinal Vasculitis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Emmett T. Cunningham, Manfred Zierhut
Together, these studies highlight how common and yet clinically varied RV is in patients with uveitis. They also support the utility of retinal imaging, particularly WF and UWF color/pseudocolor and FA,5 for detecting and monitoring the type, location and extent of retinal vascular inflammation, as well as its complications, including hemorrhages, CPN, and retinal neovascularization. Schemes for grading RV remain largely qualitative and limited to academic research centers, but may hold promise as the quality of commercial FA cameras and their internal analytics continue to improve. All patients who present with uveitis and RV should be tested for tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and syphilis with chest imaging, a complete blood cell count with differential, and a treponemal antibody test. Additional testing should be informed by associated symptoms, signs, and review of systems, which should at a minimum include questions that might support or refute a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, Behçet disease and SLE – especially when there is evidence of ischemia. While patients with systemic vasculitis should undergo routine dilated eye examinations, the occurrence of RV in such settings is uncommon. Retinal vasculitis occurs frequently in eyes with infectious uveitis, but typically as an ancillary finding that tends to resolve with anti-microbial therapy, often in conjunction with topical and systemic corticosteroids.
Drugs in phase I and phase II clinical trials for systemic sclerosis
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2020
Melody P. Chung, Lorinda Chung
DcSSc remains difficult to treat with limited therapeutic options of modest benefit; thus, there is an unmet medical need for better treatment options. Recent years have seen much progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of SSc, development of targeted therapies, and establishment of validated outcome measures for SSc in clinical trials. This review summarizes standard of care treatment options (Section 1.1), common SSc clinical trial outcome measures (Section 1.2), and the results of key Phase I/II clinical trials using existing and investigational agents in the treatment of early dcSSc, with a focus on skin thickening and/or ILD (Section 2, Table 1). We performed a search on Pubmed and https://clinicaltrials.gov with keywords systemic sclerosis, Phase I clinical trial, and Phase II clinical trial in order to identify relevant studies published from 2015 to 2019.