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Case-Based Differential Diagnostic Mental Health Evaluation for Adults
Published in Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan, Psychiatric Mental Health Assessment and Diagnosis of Adults for Advanced Practice Mental Health Nurses, 2023
Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan
Furthermore, according to the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 14.5 million people ages 12 and older (5.3% of this age group) had AUD: 9.0 million men (6.8% of men in this age group) and 5.5 million women (3.9% of women in this age group). An estimated 95,000 people (approximately 68,000 men and 27,000 women) die from alcohol-related causes annually, making alcohol the third-leading preventable cause of death in the United States, after tobacco and poor diet/physical inactivity, respectively. Between 2011 and 2015, the leading causes of alcohol-attributable deaths due to chronic conditions in the United States were alcohol-associated liver disease, heart disease and stroke, unspecified liver cirrhosis, upper aerodigestive tract cancers, liver cancer, supraventricular cardiac dysrhythmia, breast cancer, and hypertension. In 2019, alcohol-impaired driving fatalities accounted for 10,142 deaths (28.0% of overall driving fatalities) (National Institutes of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2021).
Tobacco Products
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Nancy Houston Miller, Karen Laing
Tobacco is the leading preventable cause of death and disability worldwide. Tobacco cessation guidelines indicate that multiple healthcare providers offering advice and behavioral counseling of at least 10 minutes with educational materials in multiple formats increases cessation. Identifying smokers, offering strong advice, and referring to community-based smoking cessation programs will increase the likelihood patients will succeed in quitting smoking.
Lung Cancer (a) Diagnosis and Causes, Smoking Habits, etc.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
The Jan. 1989 report of the US Surgeon General warned that tobacco is "the single most important preventable cause of death, responsible for 1 out of every 6 deaths in the USA", He pointed out that the toll from smoking is higher than previously thought and stated that it claimed 390,000 lives/year, two thirds dying from cardio-vascular disease, lung cancer and chronic bronchitis. He emphasised that the average male smoker is 22 times as likely to die from lung cancer as is a non-smoker - double the previous risk estimate. Only 29% of American adults then smoked, compared with 40% in 1965, the biggest decline being in men; one third compared with 50% in 1965; the problem areas being in blacks, blue-collar workers and in girls, who seem to be taking up tobacco at a younger age, the laws restricting its sale to children being largely ignored. The Surgeon General's goal is to make the US a "smoke free society by the year 2,000." In May 1996, Philip Morris proposed the withdrawal of cigarette vending machines to counter President Clinton's proposals for banning under age 18 smoking (Financial Times, 5 May - see also above).
How deep is the cancerous cut of substance use disorders on human rights? The effects of substance use disorders from a human rights perspective: The thinking of Developmental Clinical Social Work
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2023
Robert K. Chigangaidze, Muridzo Noel Garikai, Simbine Samuel Lisenga
From a historical perspective, the human right to life is one of the first rights awarded a special place and enshrined in the International Law (Coman et al., 2012; Dragne & Balaceanu, 2014). The concept of the right to life is pivotal to debates on the issues of euthanasia, capital punishment, abortion, self-defense, and war (Sinjari & Balla, 2013). We seek to expand the debates even in the discourse on substance use disorders and human rights. Substance use has contributed to the intrusion of the right to life through its aggravations in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and accidents that lead to high mortality rates (Comer, 2013; Ramchand et al., 2009). For example, tobacco use is the largest preventable cause of death and the main risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (World Health Organization, 2017). Over-consumption of ethanol is the leading cause of death among individuals aged 15–49 years (Adamson et al., 2017; Parry et al., 2011). Research in the Global Burden of Disease indicates that 2.8 million deaths were attributable to alcohol use in the year 2016 (Orpana et al., 2020, p. 1). The use of alcohol and other drugs has been identified as a significant factor related to suicide (Orpana et al., 2020). Up to “50 000 deaths in the United States annually can be attributed to second-hand smoke … .” (Newton, 2010, p. 21).
Factors associated with binge drinking—Findings from 2019 Kansas behavioral risk factor surveillance system
Published in Substance Abuse, 2022
Shannon R. Lines, Aliya Marroquin, Steve Corbett, Julie Sergeant, Won Choi, Babalola Faseru
Alcohol consumption ranks third among preventable causes of death in the United States, behind tobacco use and poor diet/physical inactivity.1 Important questions regarding alcohol consumption include: who is more likely to drink excessively, and what behaviors accompany excessive alcohol consumption that contributes to morbidity and mortality? Research has defined these characteristics nationally, and for some states, but no systematic analysis has been done for the state of Kansas, in particular. While historically Kansas has had some of the strictest liquor laws in the nation, Kansas saw significant liquor law changes in 2005 and, more recently, in 2019.2–4 With these changes comes the need for public health officials to understand the nature of excessive alcohol consumption in Kansas.
A targeted approach to using e-cigarettes for harm reduction in adults
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2022
Elizabeth R. Stevens, Scott E. Sherman
Despite considerable progress, smoking remains the leading US preventable cause of death, causing 480,000 deaths and $300 billion in health-related economic losses each year. Each pack of CC leads to $3.45 in medical expenditures and $3.73 in lost productivity (8). While not without some health risks, all available evidence indicates EC are safer than CC. Typical CC contain 7,000 chemicals, many of which are toxic. While the chemicals in EC are still being characterized, there is almost no doubt that they expose you to fewer toxic chemicals than CC (9). Consumer perceptions of the relative harm of EC compared to CC have changed over time in the direction of EC being more harmful, in particular peaking with a rise in deaths and hospitalizations attributed to EC or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI) beginning in 2019 (10). The Centers for Disease Control, however, has since concluded the cause of EVALI to be vitamin E acetate, an adulterant added to some vaping products, particularly those containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and noncommercial vaping products. Cases of EVALI have steadily declined since vitamin E acetate was identified and has been eliminated from products (11).