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Psychological Medicine
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Harrison Howarth, Jim Bolton, Gary Bell
Advances in understanding the causes, course and management of a number of physical disorders highlight the relevance of psychological and social factors and demonstrate the need for an integrated approach to patient care.
Folie à deux (et folie à plusiers)
Published in David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball, Uncommon Psychiatric Syndromes, 2020
David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball
It is significant that one review (McNeil et al., 1972) revealed that in about 25% of cases the recipients suffered from physical disabilities, including partial deafness, strokes and those caused by alcohol abuse. It was therefore essential to treat the underlying physical disorder to avoid continual dependence.
Psychosocial Assessment of GI Symptoms
Published in Kevin W. Olden, Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2020
Stuart J. Eisendrath, Rafael O. Gray
There are two broad approaches to the treatment of factitious physical disorders (47). One strategy is to have a primary physician and a consulting psychiatrist confront the patient in a nonpunitive way. The factitious disorder is interpreted as a cry for help and the patient is urged to enter psychiatric treatment. In another approach—one that avoids confrontation—the physician provides the patient with a face-saving way to recover without having to admit the factitious etiology. There are several variations to this technique. One mode is to offer the patient such vehicles as biofeedback or hypnosis as new ways to recover from his or her illness. A stronger approach is to utilize a double-bind. In this method, the patient is told there are two possible diagnoses: a factitious one and an organic one. If the problem is organic, it should respond to the next medical intervention (usually a minor one, such as a new medication trial). If the symptom fails to respond, the diagnosis will be of factitious etiology. The patient is thus offered alternative pathways of either improving or confirming the factitious diagnosis.
Physical activity for children with autism spectrum disorder during COVID-19 pandemic
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2023
Shahnaz Shahrbanian, Meysam Yavari Kateb, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker, Fahimeh Hassani
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) a neuro-developmental disability characterized by deficits in social and emotional reciprocity (American Psychiatric Association 2013) is associated with problems in three important areas of growth that includes social interaction, communication, and repetitive and restricted behaviors (Shah and Frith 1983). Children with ASD have many cognitive, social, and behavioral problems that lead them to participate in PA less than their peers (Hassani et al.2020a). Physical disorders of individuals with ASD include sensory disturbances, movement disorders, difficulty in walking normally, and decreased muscle tone, (Dowell et al.2009). Children with ASD have also some problems with coordination of both fine and gross motor skills, balance, flexibility, and speed (Cairney et al.2019). However, several studies included physical activity (PA) interventions that have shown positive physical, psychological, and physiological effects in children with ASD (Hassani et al.2020b, Jones et al.2017). Handling of children with ASD that need special care could be challenging when they have to stay at home during COVID-19 pandemic.
Alexithymia and cortisol awakening response in people with eating disorders
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2021
Giammarco Cascino, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Francesca Marciello, Francesca Pellegrino, Valeria Ruzzi, Palmiero Monteleone
Outpatients consecutively attending the Eating Disorder Centres of the Departments of Psychiatry of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” and the University of Salerno were screened according to the following inclusion criteria: (a) female sex, (b) age ≥18 years, (c) current diagnosis of AN or BN according to DSM-5 criteria, (d) absence of severe physical disorders, (e) no history of endocrine disorders, psychoactive substance use, schizophrenia or other psychoses, bipolar disorders or head trauma; (f) no use of drugs in the past 4 weeks, and (g) willingness to cooperate in the experimental procedures and to sign a written informed consent. Trained psychiatrists made the diagnostic assessment using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders-Research Version (First 2015).
Psychosocial flag signs: impact on work status following a compensable shoulder injury
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2021
Dragana Boljanovic, Helen Razmjou, Amr Elmaraghy
The APR signs in patients with shoulder pain included the presence of exaggerated pain response and non-organic signs during clinical examination. The exaggerated pain response was considered positive if the patient showed any of the following: facial grimacing, shaking and pulling away or giving way, protective body postures such as holding the arm immobile, using a sling in the absence of any fractures or dislocation, or guarding against examiner’s attempt to move the involved upper extremity through active resistance and voluntary muscular contraction to prevent or restrict passive movements of the examiner. The non-organic symptoms included complaints of widespread tenderness, non-anatomical sensory loss or motor deficits not explained by any medical or physical disorder. The presence of any of the above signs/symptoms was documented on a data collection form by the assessing orthopaedic surgeon. In the present study, to improve the diagnostic efficiency of behavioural signs, presence of the APR was defined as the demonstration of at least three signs or symptoms as suggested by Waddell et al. [14].