China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Simplified Bone Marrow Cryopreservation Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Hydroxyethyl Starch as Cryoprotectants
Published in Adrian P. Gee, BONE MARROW PROCESSING and PURGING, 2020
The DMSO/HES cryoprotectant is prepared shortly before use, usually the same day. To a sterile 500-ml autoclavable glass bottle, 138 ml of Normosol-R in 5% dextrose (pH 5.2; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) and 42 g of low-molecular weight HES powder (Pentastarch; 150,000 mol wt; DuPont Chemical Company, Wilmington, DE) are added. The mixture is shaken to set the powder, and is then autoclaved for 20 min, which dissolves the HES and sterilizes the mixture. After cooling to room temperature, 100 ml of 25% human albumin and 70 ml of 50% DMSO (RIMSO-50; Research Industries Corp, Salt Lake City, UT) are added. The mixture is then cooled to 4°C before use. The final volume is approximately 350 ml, and the concentrations of DMSO, HES, and albumin are 10%, 12%, and 8%, respectively. This mixture will be mixed 1:1 with the cells just prior to freezing.
Transfusion practice in resuscitation and critical illness
Published in Jennifer Duguid, Lawrence Tim Goodnough, Michael J. Desmond, Transfusion Medicine in Practice, 2020
This is a low-molecular-weight analogue of hetastarch that is available as a 10% solution in isotonic saline. Pentastarch contains smaller but greater numbers of starch molecules than hetastarch and thus has a higher colloid oncotic pressure. It is more effective as a volume expander than hetastarch, and increases the plasma volume, by 1.5 times the infused volume, and its plasma expansion effects last for approximately 12 hours.27 Compared with hetastarch, pentastarch has fewer tendencies to interact with coagulation proteins, but the significance of this is unclear.28
Miscellaneous Drugs
Published in Sarah Armstrong, Barry Clifton, Lionel Davis, Primary FRCA in a Box, 2019
Sarah Armstrong, Barry Clifton, Lionel Davis
Hydroxyethyl starch: 90% amylopectin etherified with hydroxyethyl groups; hetastarch more etherified than pentastarch HES solutions are classified as low, medium and high molecular weight HESLarge molecular weight HES remain intravascularly for longer
Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal malignancy: preliminary results of a multi-disciplinary teamwork model in Asia
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2018
Ting-Yao Wang, Chao-Yu Chen, Chang-Hsien Lu, Min-Chi Chen, Li-Wen Lee, Tzu-Hao Huang, Meng-Chiao Hsieh, Chih-Jung Chen, Chung-Ming Yu, Huei-Chieh Chuang, Tzu-Ting Liao, Chih-Wen Tseng, Wen-Shih Huang
After CRS, HIPEC was delivered using the closed method with a Performer™ HT (RanD Biotech, Medolla, Italy). The perfusate was mixed with normal saline and pentastarch (Haes-steril, 60 mg/ml, Meda, Sweden) 10% (3:1) at a dose of 2 l/m2 of body surface. The chemotherapy was delivered after an intra-abdominal temperature of 43 °C was reached. The temperature of HIPEC was 41–43 °C. The duration of HIPEC was 60–90 min. The temperature was recorded every 5 min according to the routine anaesthesia protocol. In all patients, urine output was monitored and maintained at 1 ml/kg/15 min during the HIPEC procedure. If urine output decreased, further hydration and furosemide were given. The medical oncologist chose the HIPEC regimen, which included mitomycin, oxaliplatin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin according to the type of cancer [6,18–21].
Recognition and management of idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome: an evidence-based review
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2018
Noor Ul-Ain Baloch, Marvi Bikak, Abdul Rehman, Omar Rahman
While there is no high-quality evidence able to demonstrate the superiority of any particular approach, use of colloids (such as albumin and starch) may be more beneficial than that of crystalloids in restoring blood pressure. In a report of two cases by Lee and colleagues, the use of 10% Pentastarch for volume resuscitation during the leak phase was associated with a favorable outcome [52]. From a theoretical standpoint, Pentastarch is retained in the intravascular space during the leak phase, because, it has a higher molecular weight than albumin. This may help to maintain the capillary oncotic pressure near the normal range and prevent excessive capillary leak.
Anaemia worsens early functional outcome after traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study
Published in Brain Injury, 2018
N Scott Litofsky, Douglas C Miller, Zhenzhou Chen, Agnes Simonyi, Diana Klakotskaia, Andrew Giritharan, Qi Feng, Diane McConnell, Jiankun Cui, Zezong Gu
Hare et al. (13) had identified pathological changes on day 5 after injury in their study of hemodilutional anaemia associated with TBI, whereas we did not identify such changes. A number of factors may be associated with this difference between laboratory models and results. Perhaps most significantly, the model anaemia in this study differed from that of Hare, et al. (13) in the degree of anaemia created. Hare, et al. (13) used a 50% blood loss (with only 70% animal survival), whereas we used 30%. We had attempted a 50% anaemia model in initial planning for our study, but all four animals died almost immediately (data not shown). Furthermore, we used a mouse model instead of the rat model used by Hare et al. (13); since rat brains are much larger than those of mice, perhaps pathological differences were easier to identify in the rats. Hare et al. (13) identified contusions in their fluid percussion model, in contrast to the deeper injuries seen in our impaction injury model. They also used a two-dimensional area calculation rather than the three-dimensional analysis we used to determine volume of injury. Hare et al. (13) reported an increase of TUNEL-positive nuclei in their TBI+anaemia animals, whose brains were fixed in paraffin. We had attempted TUNEL staining in our vibratome-sectioned brains, but were unable to obtain consistent results due to the thickness of the slices (data not shown). Lastly, Hare et al. (13) used pentastarch for haemodilution, whereas we replaced blood withdrawn with saline. Perhaps these differences contributed to our inability to identify an apparent pathological abnormality in our animals despite the demonstration of neurological deficits. In human patients with trauma, the degree of anaemia is likely associated with the degree of pathological injury, which may help explain differential outcome in humans at different levels of haemoglobin (12). Since Hare, et al. (13) assessed pathological changes 5 days after creation of injury, we do not believe that the early time point assessment was responsible alone for our inability to identify a pathological construct of the observed behavioural change.