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Introduction to Bio-Implants
Published in S Santhosh Kumar, Somashekhar S. Hiremath, Role of Surface Modification on Bacterial Adhesion of Bio-Implant Materials, 2020
S Santhosh Kumar, Somashekhar S. Hiremath
A significant cause for the implant failure is a fracture, prosthetic dislocation, loosening, excessive wear rate at mating surfaces and its associated debris, and pre-surgical contamination/infection (i.e., bacterial adhesion). American Joint Replacement Registry annual report (2018) collected between 2012and2017 showed that 8.2% of 47,378 hip arthroplasties and 7.9% of 40,488 knee arthroplasties are due to the infection and inflammatory reactions. The National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Isle of Man surgical data of 2018 report shows that the overall 0.72% of hip replacement, 0.93% of knee replacement, and 6% of shoulder replacement results in implants-related infections. Similarly, it was reported in the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOA NJRR) annual report (2018) that, overall, less than 1% of revision of knee and hip arthroplasties accounts due to infection.
Biomechanical behavior of dental implants—photoelastic analysis
Published in J. Belinha, R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mário A.P. Vaz, João Manuel, R.S. Tavares, Biodental Engineering V, 2019
V.N. Gomes, D. Tripak, S. Oliveira, J.C. Reis Campos Figueiral, M.H. Figueiral
The presence of gaps at the implant-abutment interface represents one of the major problems in oral rehabilitation, with the type of implant connection playing a pivotal role in the implant survival rate. It should be emphasized that a passive seating at the final stages of prosthetic rehabilitation is vital to guarantee a good stress transition to the periimplant tissues. Achieving such requirement reduces the likelihood of implant failure, also improving its long-term durability. In addition, and considering the deleterious effects of oblique loads, prosthetic structures should receive vertical loads whenever possible, since they are better tolerated.
Effect of drill speed on bone damage during drilling
Published in R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mário A.P. Vaz, Sónia M. Santos, João Manuel R.S. Tavares, Biodental Engineering IV, 2017
M.G.A. Fernandes, R. Natal, E.M.M. Fonseca, J.E.P.C. Ribeiro, L. Azevedo
Although not a novelty in medicine, the penetration of a sharp tool in the bone tissue continues to be a clinical and surgical challenge, as many pertinent questions still remain without solutions. Two major problems arising from drilling bone are the excessive temperature rise (resulting in thermal necrosis) and the excessive drilling force (resulting in mechanical damage) (Lee et al. 2012; Fonseca et al. 2014; Li et al. 2014; Fernandes et al. 2015). The mechanical damage that occurs around the drilled hole is a major concern during bone drilling, as greater the damage greater will be the postoperative healing time (Pandey et al. 2015). Also, it can lead to micro-cracks formations which are the prime source of reducing the bone postoperatively strength; and hamper the engagement of screws with the bone adjacent to the drilled hole leading to the loosening of fixation resulting in its misalignment (’Brien et al. 2005; Alam 2014; Pandey et al. 2015). Clinical problems such as implant failure, have been reported on the literature and are associated with these problems (Agustin et al. 2008; Penarrocha-Diage et al. 2009; Sezek et al. 2012). Improving and understanding the relationship between drilling conditions and the level of damage is crucial to identify the favourable drilling conditions which minimize the bone injuries. The importance of this problem has motivated the development of recent studies focusing on the problems caused by bone drilling (Marco et al. 2015).
An age-related algorithm for management of micro-orbitism from anophthalmia: a systematic review with supplemental case reports
Published in Orbit, 2022
Brandon J. De Ruiter, Robert P. Lesko, M. Grace Knudsen, George Kamel, Jinesh Shah, Vikas S. Kotha, Anne Barmettler, Mark A. Prendes, Anand R. Kumar, Edward H. Davidson
Wiese et al. described their staged approach with osmotic implants for 4 orbits in 3 patients (age 5–11 mo.).15 Mimicking normal patterns of orbital maturity, osmotic expanders were placed first to stimulate conjunctival sac and eyelid growth and then placed serially to stimulate orbit growth. One complication was reported in a 6mo patient with bilateral anophthalmia who developed socket infection 3 days after implant placement. Gundlach et al. used the same protocol as Wiese et al. for 32 orbits in 22 patients (median age 4 mo., range 1–33 mo.) with congenital anophthalmia.18 By one and two years follow up, the mean orbital volume was 70% and 64% of the mean normal (non-anophthalmic) orbit volume, respectively, compared to 46% at 6 months age and before implant placement. Implant failure occurred in 21 (65.6%) cases over 6 years; a total of 78 implants were used. The authors suggest failure to incise the peri-implant capsule sizing-up expanders, neglecting to close the conjunctive in two layers, and improper perioperative antibiotic adherence as contributors to implant failure.
Enhancing the bone healing on electrical stimuli through the dental implant
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Letícia Bins-Ely, Daniela Suzuki, Ricardo Magini, Cesar A. M. Benfatti, Wim Teughels, Bruno Henriques, Júlio C. M. Souza
Since the 1970s, titanium-based implants have been widely used in dentistry due to their physicochemical and biological behavior to establish a direct contact with the surrounding bone (Brånemark et al. 1977). Conventional loading at least three months in the mandible and six months in the maxilla (Esposito et al. 2007) has been recommended to minimize the risk of soft tissue encapsulation, consequent loss of osseointegration and implant failure (Brånemark et al. 1977; Puleo and Nanci 1999). Although 10-year implant survival rate of 99.7% (van Velzen et al. 2015), recent studies have pursued to decrease the bone healing period (Albrektsson and Wennerberg 2004). In fact, peculiar clinical conditions can occur such as the placement of implants in regions with poor bone quality and volume (Pourdanesh et al. 2017). Also, bone grafts and bio-absorbable membranes are often required for vertical and horizontal bone augmentation (Schiegnitz and Al-Nawas 2014). Factors related to the patients, prosthetic, and surgical conditions statistically affect implant failure rates. Thus, shorten the healing time can avoid early risks of failures in implant-supported rehabilitation (Coelho et al. 2009).
Effect of the dimensions of implant body and thread on bone resorption and stability in trapezoidal threaded dental implants: a sensitivity analysis and optimization
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Mohammad Reza Niroomand, Masoud Arabbeiki
Biomechanical stability is a major factor of implant success in the first years after implantation, and periodontal health is the next priority (Chang et al. 2019). Even after the perfect integration of dental implant and providing suitable implant–bone interface, the successive and intense loading could increase the likelihood of dental implant failure. The higher the stress at the implant–bone interface, the more the possibility of bone resorption and implant failure (Haiat et al. 2014). Although the failure rate of the dental implant in healthy tissue might be low after a long period, the success of dental implants is of importance in the early stages of implantation (Ashrafi et al. 2020). Due to most of the clinical studies, implant failure could be the consequence of some reasons. It has been reported that an osseointegration failure may occur due to a fibrous tissue which could be a result of background oral diseases (I-Chiang et al. 2014).