China
Africa
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Medical Tourism/Travel in India: A Cost Comparison of Procedures with the United States
Published in Frederick J. DeMicco, Ali A. Poorani, Medical Travel Brand Management, 2023
Frederick J. DeMicco, Jackie Guzman
Finally, we look at hip replacement surgery. Oftentimes people opt for a hip replacement when they are in so much pain that nothing other than surgery will be able to help them. Various conditions can damage the hip, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteonecrosis (https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hip-replacement/about/pac-20385042). In the U.S., hip replacement surgery can cost about $25,000, while in India, one can have it done for $7,000 (Sengupta, 2011).
Orthopaedics
Published in Kelvin Yan, Surgical and Anaesthetic Instruments for OSCEs, 2021
The primary indication for a hip replacement is arthritis-related pain. Functional limitation of arthritis is another indication, usually associated with pain. The main cause is osteoarthritis. Other causes include rheumatoid arthritis and any inflammatory joint conditions. Stiffness from conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis is so debilitating that it would warrant a hip replacement even when not associated with pain. Another common indication is hip fracture.
Orthopaedics
Published in Kristen Davies, Shadaba Ahmed, Core Conditions for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2020
Once a hip fracture is suspected analgesia should be given. Options include paracetamol, opioids or nerve blocks (e.g. femoral nerve blocks) prior to surgery. Extracapsular fractures are not at risk of avascular necrosis and are usually treated with internal fixation with either an extramedullary plate or an intramedullary nail.Patients with a non-displaced intracapsular fracture and no comorbidities may also be treated with internal fixation. If patients do have major illness or advanced organ-specific disease, then a hemiarthroplasty is offered.Patients with a displaced intracapsular fracture are treated with either a total hip replacement or a hemiarthroplasty.Patients should be offered a total hip replacement if they were able to walk independently prior to the fall, have no cognitive impairment and are medically fit for the procedure.
Strength and endurance deficits in adults with moderate-to-severe hip osteoarthritis, compared to healthy, older adults
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Louise C. Burgess, Paul Taylor, Thomas W. Wainwright, Ian D. Swain
Osteoarthritis is a common musculoskeletal condition within older adults, with an estimated 33% of people aged 45 years and over having sought treatment for the disease in the UK [1]. In the UK, 10.9% of adults aged over 45 years have osteoarthritis of the hip [1], which often leads to joint pain, stiffness, reduced range of motion, slower gait speed, and muscle weakness [2–6]. Exercise is an integral component of the non-pharmacological management of osteoarthritis, with local muscle strengthening and aerobic exercise recommended irrespective of age, comorbidity, pain severity, or disability [7]. Likewise, when progression of the disease leads to consideration for total hip replacement surgery, preoperative physiotherapy, and exercise programmes (namely “prehabilitation”) are proposed as a potential method to expedite recovery time and improve overall extent of recovery [8–10].
Understanding outcomes and toxicological aspects of second generation metal-on-metal hip implants: a state-of-the-art review
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2018
Michael Kovochich, Brent L. Finley, Rachel Novick, Andrew D. Monnot, Ellen Donovan, Kenneth M. Unice, Ernest S. Fung, David Fung, Dennis J. Paustenbach
There are two general types of hip arthroplasty procedures: total hip replacement (THR) (also called total hip arthroplasty, THA) and hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) (Figure 1) (AAOS (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) 2011a, 2011b). In THA, the damaged femoral head is removed and replaced with a metal stem that is inserted into the hollow center of the femur shaft. A metal or ceramic ball is positioned on the upper end of the stem to replace the femoral head. The damaged cartilage surface of the acetabulum (socket) is removed and replaced with a metal socket that can be held in position by screws, cement, or press-fitting (i.e. pressing the device into the reamed bone) (Charnley 1966; AAOS 2011b). The articulating surface of the acetabular component may be composed of plastic, metal, or ceramic (Figure 1).
Pharmacotherapy options and drug development in managing periprosthetic joint infections in the elderly
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Alicia Macias-Valcayo, Bernadette G Pfang, Alvaro Auñón, Jaime Esteban
Some risk factors for surgical complications are common comorbidities in elderly patients:: smoking, a Body Mass Index higher than 30, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, depression, steroid use, rheumatologic diseases, coagulopathies, cirrhosis, and preoperative anemia [17,18].). Other risk factors described by a prospective cohort study in hip replacement are male sex, dementia, previous septic arthritis, a femur neck fracture, and a lateral surgical approach [19]. Frailty is also identified with an increased risk for postoperative complications, including infections, with an odds rate of 2.06–2.54 depending on the level of frailty, which is defined as a global phenotype of scarce physiologic reserves and resistance to stressors [20].