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Aetiology and Laboratory Diagnosis
Published in Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis, Fungal Infections of the Skin, Hair and Nails, 2020
Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis
Geotrichum candidum A rare opportunistic pathogen causing bronchial and pulmonary infections; oral, vaginal, cutaneous and gastrointestinal infections are also reported. This is a common fungus with a worldwide distribution.
Epidemiology of fungal infections: What, where, and when
Published in Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, John R. Perfect, Antifungal Therapy, 2019
Frederic Lamoth, Sylvia F. Costa, Barbara D. Alexander
Geotrichum candidum is a filamentous yeast forming arthroconidia that colonizes the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Although G. candidum is frequently encountered in stool specimens of onco-hematological patients receiving azole prophylaxis [499], it rarely causes invasive disease. In a review of 12 cases of Geotrichum disseminated infections reported in the literature from 1971 to 2007, 8 (67%) occurred in patients with underlying malignancies [500]. Fungemia was present in 7 (58%) cases. Other infection sites included lungs, gastro-intestinal tract, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, lymph nodes, bone marrow and skin.
The Role of Conventional Diagnostic Tools
Published in Johan A. Maertens, Kieren A. Marr, Diagnosis of Fungal Infections, 2007
Paul E. Verweij, Henrich A. L. van der Lee, Rijs Anthonius J. M. M.
In the routine microbiology laboratory, the probability of fungi in for instance blood culture bottles is relatively low, and technicians might not be aware of fungi in the microscopy or may misidentify the fungus. Figure 9A shows a Gram stain of a blood culture of a hematology patient that was reported as being positive for yeasts. The microscopy showed both yeast-like elements as well as hyphae, which is commonly seen in blood cultures than are positive with Candida. In this patient, however, a Blankophor P stain of the blood culture showed septate hyphae with monophialides bearing microconidia that were consistent with Fusarium (Fig. 9B). The culture was positive for Fusarium oxysporum. One should consider the possibility that yeast-like structures are not yeasts but actually spores from molds that are capable of producing spores in tissue. Although the probability that yeasts that are recovered in blood culture are members of the genus Candida is high, other possibilities need to be considered, such as Cryptococcus spp., Malassezia spp., and Geotrichum spp. Besides misinterpretation of the morphology, direct examination can be false-positive or false-negative.
Arabian Primrose leaf extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: their industrial and biomedical applications
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Shruti Nindawat, Veena Agrawal
The present study for the first time reports rapid, economically efficient, facile and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of Ah-AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of Arnebia hispidissima. Such nanoparticles have shown strong anti-oxidant activity, catalytic degradation potential for the tested anthropogenic dye pollutants, excellent selective and sensitive detection of metal ions (Fe3+, Hg2+), ammonia; anti-cancerous and anti-microbial activities. Also, the biogenic Ah-AgNPs developed herein for the first time exhibited significantly high anti-fungal activity against Geotrichum candidum, a fungus known to infect immunocompromised patients. Consequently, such green synthesis of silver metal-based nanoparticles using medicinal plants is pharmacologically and industrially significant and will set a new standard for their large scale synthesis and application in plethora of fields.
Saprochaete clavata Chorioretinitis in a Post-chemotherapy Immunocompromised 9-Year-Old Child
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Paul Goupillou, Damien Costa, Gilles Gargala, Loic Favennec, Claire Rouzaud, Marc Muraine, Pascale Schneider, Julie Gueudry
Former studies have found rates of endogenous endophthalmitis ranging from 0% to 37% in patients with fungaemia, more frequently candidemia.15 To date, no ophthalmological lesions have been documented with Saprochaete clavata: to the best of our knowledge, our case of bilateral chorioretinitis is the first reported in the literature. We found very few cases of ocular involvement with Geotrichum species. There was one case of postoperative endophtalmitis with Geotrichum candidum16 and one case of endogenous endophtalmitis treated with both intravenous and intravitreal VCZ.17 Some keratitis with Geotrichum capitatum (now called Magniscyomyces capitatus) have also been reported.18
Primers matter: Influence of the primer selection on human fungal detection using high throughput sequencing
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Crispin Wiesmann, Konrad Lehr, Juozas Kupcinskas, Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas, Alexander Link
During the last years, it has become obvious that microbiota plays a crucial role in health and disease. In the past, the focus when analyzing the human microbiome was mostly on bacteria1 and not on other microbes such as fungi;2 now there is a growing interest in the fungi inhabiting the human body (mycobiome). The evolving data highlight the importance of fungi as one of the major health issues and they may be associated with and even involved in various diseases, for instance in gastrointestinal diseases,3,4 infectious diseases,5 autoimmune diseases6 and carcinogenesis.7,8 However, there are different approaches for targeting fungi such as the 18S rRNA gene or other ITS regions. In a recent work published in Gut microbes, Gosalbes et al. applied the ITS3F and ITS4R targeting the ITS2 region (Internal-transcript-sequence) for interfaction analysis between mycobiome, bacteriome and inflammation in subjects with HIV,5 while another paper by Frau et al. utilized 18S rRNA sequencing in interkingdom analysis in Crohn´s disease.5 Limited knowledge exists on performance of primers in fungi sequencing. Frequently four popular primer pairs are utilized for mycobiome analysis targeting different regions or genes (Table 1): 18S region, the ITS2 region, the ITS3 region, and the different ITS2 region (labeled as EM): with primers described in the Earth Microbiome Project (https://earthmicrobiome.org/). Even though the gut mycobiome varies from person to person, there are still fungi genera that are found frequently.9 These are among others Saccharomyces as well as Candida, which were found throughout various studies that used the EM,14 18S,9 ITS24 or ITS39,15 primer. Geotrichum is also an often-found genera in the human gut when using the 18S,16 ITS315 or EM14 primer. Due to an evolving number of studies, we compared the most frequently used primers for mycobiome analysis focusing on the overall performance and comparison of the data for the three most common fungi genera using a systematic approach.