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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Triglycerides Hypertriglyceridemia was placed under type IV phenotype of hyperlipoprotenemias by D.S. Frederickson and R.I. Levy in 1972. Diabetic and genetic forms were differentiated by J.D. Brunzell and co-workers in 1975. Familial hypertriglyceridemia of autosomal dominant origin was described by H.N. Neufield and U. Goldbourt in 1983.
The Diagnosis and Management of Lipoprotein Disorders
Published in Jack L. Leahy, Nathaniel G. Clark, William T. Cefalu, Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus, 2000
Ernst J. Schaefer, Leo J. Seman
By far the most common of these disorders is familial hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides > 200 mg/dL), an autosomal dominant disorder in which obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperuricemia, and HDL cholesterol deficiency are often present. The disorder is associated with overproduction of hepatic VLDL triglyceride but not VLDL apo B-100. Some patients may have defects in VLDL clearance as well. CHD risk appears to be increased in those kindreds in whom HDL cholesterol deficiency is also present. Approximately 15% of patients with premature CHD appear to have this disorder. HDL cholesterol levels are usually low in these subjects because of enhanced degradation. Treatment with diet, exercise, and abstinence from alcohol and estrogens is recommended. In patients with CHD, niacin, gemfibrozil, or reductase inhibitors can be used to optimize lipid values.
Management of asymptomatic severe hypertriglyceridemia
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Nathalie V. Scherer, Dipesh Bista
Chylomicronemia syndrome is defined as TG >1000 mg/dL with additional manifestations, such as eruptive xanthelasmas or lipemia retinalis.8 Our patient met these criteria. A variety of underlying pathophysiological changes can give rise to chylomicronemia syndrome, but the precise etiology in our patient is unclear. The most common cause of chylomicronemia syndrome is familial hypertriglyceridemia, an autosomal dominant trait, but the patient had no relevant family history, and genetic testing was not indicated.8 A variety of other factors can aid in developing this syndrome, such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, a diet high in fats, and pregnancy.3 Given that this patient had given birth several months prior, presented with hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome, and had a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, it is likely that her chylomicronemia syndrome developed from a combination of genetic predisposition and some modifiable risk factors.
Recent developments in pharmacotherapy for hypertriglyceridemia: what’s the current state of the art?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020
Matilda Florentin, Michael S Kostapanos, Panagiotis Anagnostis, George Liamis
Hypertriglyceridemia may be secondary in the setting of several disorders, such as insulin resistance or frank diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, alcohol abuse, chronic kidney disease and several endocrine diseases (e.g. hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease), or occurs in the context of genetic disorders. Mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia may be a feature of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) or familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG), while extremely high TG levels are a feature of familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) or apolipoprotein (apo) C-II deficiency [18,19]. Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia and FCH are clearly associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, whereas this risk is lower in patients with FHTG [17,19]. On the other hand, individuals with FCS or apoC-II deficiency have high chances to suffer from pancreatitis rather than CHD [17,19].
Concomitant hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis in pregnant monozygotic twin siblings
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2020
Yahya Ayhan Acar, Gizem Gunay, Sedat Bilge, Onur Tezel
While the patient described in Case 1 was undergoing treatment in the ED, her pregnant monozygotic twin sister had abdominal pain and presented to the ED. Blood pressure, pulse, and body temperature were 120/70 mmHg, 112 bpm, and 38.8 °C, respectively. In the patient’s history, it was learned that she had received a diagnosis of familial hypertriglyceridemia after her twin sister was diagnosed with familial hypertriglyceridemia and related pancreatitis. The patient was undergoing treatment with fenofibrate (850 mg) and gemfibrozil (1000 mg).