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Dialyzable and Nondialyzable Transfer Factor
Published in Edward P. Cohen, A. Arthur Gottlieb, Immune RNA, 2020
The in vivo transfer of DH using TFL was first reported in the guinea pig system.3 DNCB sensitivity was transferred to nonsensitive guinea pigs. Transfer of sensitivity was verified by skin test. The skin test reactivity could be elicited, however, only if the recipient’s skin was treated with a chemical depilatory reagent. Subsequent reports indicate that transfer can be accomplished in the guinea pig system, but only if large numbers of lymphocytes are used to prepare TFd. Burger and Jeter16 produced pools of TFd from peritoneal exudate, lymph node, and alveolar washing cells. These were incubated for 4 hr at 37°C. The incubation fluid obtained from 1 × 109 leukocytes was then injected intraperitoneally into nonsensitive recipient animals. If one considers the amount of TFd given to a human recipient, the dose which the guinea pigs received may be > 150 to 300 human unit equivalents. Approximately 40% of the transfers have been successful.76
Hair tourniquet
Published in Alisa McQueen, S. Margaret Paik, Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Illustrated Clinical Cases, 2018
When the etiology is known to be due to hair, a chemical depilatory agent may be attempted to dissolve the hair fibers. However, when there is significant edema or suspicion for an alternate tourniquet material, prompt excision of the constricting fibers should be performed (see Image 95.2). Excisions should be performed in a longitudinal direction over the area of skin depression. Often, it may be necessary to extend the incision down to the bone to ensure all of the fibers are released.
Dermal Hypersensitivity: Immunologic Principles and Current Methods of Assessment
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Buehler topical patch technique — Buehler and colleagues devised and modified a screening method in guinea pigs where single occlusive patches containing solubilized test material are repeatedly applied to the shaved (or depilated, with a chemical depilatory agent) backs of guinea pigs at weekly intervals for 3 weeks.154,155Ten to 20 animals per group are used.Test groups receive 0.5 ml of various concentrations of the potential allergen; negative controls receive 0.5 ml of vehicle only; and positive controls receive 0.5 ml of 0.05% dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).Patches are applied topically for 6 h on days 0, 7, and 14 for induction. 80% ethanol is usually used as the vehicle for induction. The negative control group receives patches only at challenge.On day 28, after a 2-week resting period, challenges are made with the highest nonirritating concentration of the test material on naive skin. Acetone is generally used as the vehicle for challenges. The results are read at 24 and 48 h after application of the occlusive challenge patch, and are compared with results from an appropriate challenge control group.The challenge sites are graded 0 through 3 to denote the degree of erythema. A single guinea pig within a test group that responds with a higher skin grade than controls is considered to be positive and the test material is assumed to be allergenic in this species.Rechallenge is performed within a couple of weeks after the primary challenge (day 42), at different sites to aid in interpretation of results.
Non-thermal plasma induces immunogenic cell death in vivo in murine CT26 colorectal tumors
Published in OncoImmunology, 2018
Abraham G. Lin, Bo Xiang, Dante J. Merlino, Trevor R. Baybutt, Joya Sahu, Alexander Fridman, Adam E. Snook, Vandana Miller
Balb/c mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratory (USA), and animal protocols were approved by The Thomas Jefferson University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Subcutaneous tumors were established by injecting 1 × 105 CT26-GUCY2C cells in the flanks of mice, and monitored for growth. Prior to plasma treatment, hair over the tumor area was removed using a chemical depilatory agent to avoid obstruction with plasma generation and treatment. Tumors were treated once daily with plasma beginning on day 7 (for effector T cell development studies) or day 18 (for ICD and recruitment studies) and continued for 5 consecutive days. A smaller DBD electrode (3 mm diameter) was fabricated and used for treatment of mouse tumors. The nanosecond pulser and function generator used for in vitro treatment were also used here. Pulse frequency was adjusted to 750 Hz and treatment time was 10, 25 or 50 seconds. Mice were anesthetized with 5% isoflurane and treated on the grounding plate with the electrode positioned approximately 1 mm above the tumor with the z-positioner. Tumor volumes were monitored by measuring 3 orthogonal diameters and calculated using
Dynamic expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 in the mouse spinal cord dorsal horn under pathological pain states
Published in Neurological Research, 2019
Flavia Turcato, Cayo Almeida, Clarissa Mota, Ricardo Kusuda, Andrea Carvalho, Glauce C Nascimento, Sonia Zanon, Christie R Leite-Panissi, Guilherme Lucas
Mice were anesthetized with ketamine (60 mg/kg) and xylazine (8 mg/kg) and the left foot were clipped and depilated with chemical depilatory. Two days later, HSV-1 (1 X 106 plaque-forming units in 10 µl) was inoculated on the skin of the left hind-paw on a 5 × 5 mm area after scarification [30]. Control animals were inoculated with inactivated HSV-1, which was prepared by heating at 80°C for 1 h. Mechanical withdrawal threshold was assessed before virus inoculation and 8 or 28 days after inoculation. Animals were euthanized immediately after the end of the behavior test.