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Role of Plant-Based Medicines for Gallstones
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Vivek Kumar, Anju Dhiman, Pooja Chawla, Viney Chawla
Lithiasis (Greek, Lithos (stone)) is the process of formation of calculus (plural calculi) in which the concretion of mineral salts occur in gallbladder. Calculi may occur in urinary system (urinary calculi, urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, and renal calculi), bladder (vesical calculi or cystoliths), gallbladder and bile ducts (gallstones), nasal passages (rhinoliths), gastrointestinal tract (entroliths), stomach (gastroliths), salivary glands (sialoliths), tonsils (tonsilloliths), veins (venous calculi, phleboliths), and skin (such as sweat glands). Out of these, kidney stones and gallstones are most common. The main issue is the removal of gallstones due to the position and shape of the gallbladder.
A 32 year old with pain and urinary frequency
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Urinary tract calculi are common (8% of British males), often occurring in relatively young people. Fortunately deaths are very rare. However, if left untreated, calculi can destroy kidneys as well as causing pain, which is often unbearable. The past three decades have seen dramatic advances in minimally invasive treatment. Recurrent calculi are largely preventable, but in a minority of cases this requires treatment of important underlying diseases.
Paper 3
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
Multiple calculi are unlikely in the clinical setting of painless haematuria, and the density of these small lesions is not typical for calculi. Leukoplakia is also associated with recurrent infection but is more common in the urinary bladder than the upper tracts. Tuberculous urethritis causes intermittent stricturing and dilatation, as well as urinary tract calcification.
Bilateral same session flexible ureterorenoscopy for endoscopic management of bilateral renal calculi is noninferior to unilateral flexible ureterorenoscopy for management of multiple unilateral renal calculi: outcomes of a prospective comparative study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2022
Indraneel Banerjee, Abhishek Bhat, Jonathan E. Katz, Rashmi H. Shah, Nicholas Anthony Smith, Hemendra N. Shah
The rising prevalence and incidence of renal stones globally is continuously increasing the overall cost burden to the health care system [1]. Around 15% of the patients with renal calculi will have bilateral and multiple stones [2]. Flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) is a currently preferred treatment option for renal stones ≤ 2 cm [3]. It is also the technique of choice in patients with coagulopathy, obesity, renal anomalies and solitary kidney [4]. Bilateral same session(BSS) FURS has a potential of treating patients with bilateral renal stones in the same sitting thereby avoiding unnecessary hospital visit and saving undue health care expenses. Inspite of these perceived advantages, the clinical research office of The Endourological Society study on multiple urolithiasis involving 11,885 patients from 32 countries revealed that only 273 patients had BSS ureteroscopy. Surprisingly, none of the patients in this large prospective study underwent BSS ureteroscopy for bilateral renal stones [5]. These real-world data clearly show that many patients with bilateral renal stones are usually not offered BSS-FURS.
Concomitant Treatment of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Complicated by Renal Calculi with Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty and Pyelolithotomy via 19.5F Rigid Nephroscope: A Report of 12 Cases
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Lizhe An, Liulin Xiong, Liang Chen, Xiongjun Ye, Xiaobo Huang
As a common complication of UPJO, the incidence of concomitant renal calculi was reported up to 16–30%.1–4 Besides conventional symptoms induced by renal stones including flank pain, hematuria, and urinary tract infection, renal calculi could also lead to edema and friability of tissue, which may make surgical suture more complex and thus the operative time as well as blood loss were increased.2,10 Therefore, the retrieval of stones is necessary. But how to select the appropriate management for those patients was still a therapeutic dilemma. Open pyeloplasty and pyelolithtomy has been the “golden standard” to treat UPJO complicated with renal calculi, with a success rate of 90%.3 But the drawbacks of open surgery are inherent and obvious, including large incision, longer hospital stay, and longer recovery time. As the emerging of endourology and laparoscopy, urologists have been trying to manage this therapeutic dilemma in minimally invasive approach.
Emergency vs elective ureteroscopy for a single ureteric stone
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Abdullatif Al-Terki, Majd Alkabbani, Talal A. Alenezi, Tariq F. Al-Shaiji, Shabir Al-Mousawi, Ahmed R. El-Nahas
The most common presentation of ureteric calculi is acute renal colic. This severe pain episode urges the patient to seek medical advice immediately [1] and it is a leading urological cause of emergency department visits [2]. Management of acute renal colic secondary to ureteric calculi starts with analgesics to control pain [3]. If analgesics fail to control pain or there are complications of obstruction, such as fever or acute kidney injury, upper tract drainage with a nephrostomy tube or ureteric stent is required [4]. Elective treatment modalities for ureteric calculi include medical expulsive therapy (MET), extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), and ureteroscopy (URS). The choice of a certain treatment depends on the patient’s presentation, comorbidities, renal and stone characteristics, availability of instruments, and surgeon experience [5].