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The locomotor system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Simple (unicameral) bone cysts are common findings in children and adolescents, and typically affect the metaphyses of the humerus, femur, and tibia. The patient usually presents with a pathological fracture. Radiological examination shows a slightly expanded cyst with a thinned cortex. The cyst is smooth walled and contains clear fluid. The wall consists of a thin layer of fibrous tissue, sometimes containing osteoclasts and haemo-iderin. Injection of steroids into the cyst promotes healing.
Orthopaedics and Fractures
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Pathological fractures through abnormal bone may occur at various stages of childhood due to a variety of causes: At birth, due for example, to osteogenesis imperfecta.In childhood, secondary to generalised poor bone density, for example in neuromuscular conditions (Fig. 21.111) or fibrous dysplasia.In conditions of localised poor quality bone formation, for example through simple bone cysts (Fig. 21.112) or benign or malignant tumours.
Benign tumors
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Solitary bone cysts are pseudotumors seen in young males. A single case was described in the distal phalanx of the second left toe. The phalanx was tender and enlarged, and the nail clubbed. X-ray showed a cystic loss of bone with only an extremely thin bone lamella left.256 The cyst contains a clear yellowish fluid. The main differential diagnosis is aneurysmal bone cyst.
Solitary Bone Cyst Like Areas in Myositis Ossificans: A Breast Mass in a Child
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2021
Ayse Nur Akatli, Sema Uguralp, Saadet Alan, Aytac Tasci, Gokhan Yildirim
Simple/solitary bone cyst (SBC), also known as unicameral bone cyst, is a non-neoplastic bone lesion that appears most often in children and adolescents. It mainly involves the metaphyseal areas of long bones with open physes [11] Solitary bone cysts were first described by Virchow in 1891 as “cystic structures”, and at the time, were thought to be linked to anomalies in the local circulation [12]. These cysts are fluid-filled cavities that can also be multi-loculated. Solitary bone cyst is mostly a unilocular cyst with one-layer of mesothelium-like epithelium lining the thin cyst wall. The cyst wall manifests reactive bone formation, fibrovascular proliferation, scattered giant cells, and occasionally, cholesterol clefts. Amorphous cement-like fibrin depositions are considered important clues for the diagnosis [13]. The etiology is unknown, with proposed causes ranging from trauma to developmental factors [11].
Cranial vault unicameral bone cyst
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2020
Archil Eristavi, Ian Sabin, Safa Al-Sarraj, Miren Aizpurua
UBSs are cavities within bone that are filled with fluid. They are relatively common benign bone lesions that usually occur in the proximal femur or proximal humerus, mainly seen in childhood and are more common in males (M:F ∼ 2–3:1). Occurrence of UBC elsewhere is uncommon, and usually occurs in adults. Rarely is it seen in adults in unusual locations such as in the talus, calcaneus, pelvis3 or extremely rarely in the skull base, as described in the case report by Newcastle University Hospital doctors in 1974, where A 20 year old girl presented with neck pain and lower cranial nerve palsies which was found to be due to a unicameral bone cyst of the left occipital condylar region.4 In a more recent case report from India (2016), a 20 year-old male presented with 3 episodes of seizure over a time period of 10 months. Here an MRI of the brain revealed T1 hypo and T2 hyper intense cystic lesion in the middle cranial fossa. Excision of the cystic lesion was carried out through endoscopic transmaxillary transpterygoid approach. Histopathological examination showed the lesion to be a simple bone cyst.5
Rare inherited coagulation disorders in young children in Oman
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2022
Surekha Tony, Roshan Mevada, Abdulhakim Al Rawas, Yasser Wali, Mohamed Elshinawy
Replacement therapy with fibrinogen concentrate represents the first choice for obtaining an effective hemostasis. Conventional treatment is on-demand; to stop bleeding, fibrinogen levels should be raised to at least 1 g/L with infusion of 50–100 mg/kg concentrate, followed by doses aimed at maintaining levels >0.5 g/L, until resolution.38,39 Effective long-term secondary prophylaxis with fibrinogen administration every 7–14 days has been described after ICH or in patients with recurrent joint bleeding.40 Patients presenting with multiple painful bone cysts benefit from optimizing prophylaxis with shortened dosing intervals. This strategy has been adopted in our two patients manifested with recurrent bone cysts.