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Dr. Martin Arrowsmith
Published in Borys Surawicz, Beverly Jacobson, Doctors in Fiction, 2018
Probably he could have remained a successful country doctor if he had not needed different challenges. One comes in the form of an epidemic of blackleg among the cattle in the neighboring county, which evokes memories of his apprenticeship in bacteriology at medical school. Martin isolates the organism and prepares a vaccine, which stops the epidemic cold. But he is denounced by the county’s veterinarians for intruding into their realm.
Antimicrobial activities of Trichoderma atroviride against common bean seed-borne Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Naglaa M. El-Benawy, Gamal M. Abdel-Fattah, Khalid M. Ghoneem, Yasser M. Shabana
In Egypt, the most common pathogens are R. solani and M. phaseolina causing economic losses of yield production [9]. R. solani is one of the roots and hypocotyl pathogen that causes root rot disease with most economic losses worldwide. Both pre- and post-emergence seedling death can occur. The most common symptoms are lesions on stems, roots and lower hypocotyl with brown to reddish color, then become sunken and girdle leading to plant death. Also, leaves show yellowing or wilting. Damage is usually spread in sandy soils especially in warm and moisture conditions [10]. The severity of charcoal rot disease caused by M. phaseolina related to environmental condition as infection occurs in hot growing season where drought and water stress found [11]. M. phaseolina cause several types of symptoms on different hosts. The infection immediately leads to both types of emergence ending with plant mortality. Several symptoms like the ‘blackleg’, owing to sclerotia formation in the plant crown, lesions with dark border and light gray center, covered with small pinhead-sized microsclerotia and sometimes pycnidia [12]. Diversity in M. phaseolina is due to the heterokaryotic condition of mycelium as well as the presence of two asexual sub-phases, one saprophytic (R. bataticola) where microsclerotia and mycelia are mainly produced and another pathogenic [13] where microsclerotia, mycelia and pycnidia are produced in host tissues.