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Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
What is most striking when comparing the broader and narrower usages of the term “dyssynergia” is the similarity of the definitions used. For example, as noted above, Massey, Pleet, and Scherokman have a broad usage, while Van Allen and Rodnitzky and Daube, Sandok, Reagan, and Westmoreland have a narrow usage: Yet their respective definitions—“loss of coordination” (MP&S, p. 80), “Jerky, incoordinate movements” (VanA&R, p. 41), and “loss of muscle coordination” (DSR&W, p. 187)—are essentially identical. Even if the definitions are more elaborate, the similarity persists. Brodal, whose usage is quite broad, defines “asynergia” as “a lack of capacity to adjust correctly the impulses of innervation in the various muscles participating in a movement” (1981, p. 375); while DeJong, whose usage is narrow, defines “asynergy” as “a lack of coordinated action between various groups of muscles or various movements which, as components of an act, are normally associated with the proper degree, harmony, and sequence so that the act can be performed smoothly and accurately” (1979, p. 324). In other words, breadth of usage is not indicated in the definitions. Apparently, the term “incoordination,” whether further defined or not, is subject to the same variability of usage operationally as is the term “dyssynergia.”
Morphologic characterization of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery: a direct anatomic study
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
L.E. Ballesteros, P.L. Forero, H.Y. Estupiñan
The AICA occlusion results in a syndrome that mainly compromises the cerebral stem and the middle cerebellar peduncle, present in wide clinical presentations that may include: paralysis of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves caused by the involvement of the nerves and their nuclei; vertigo, nausea, vomiting and nystagmus caused by injuries of the vestibular nuclei and their connections to the nuclei of the decimal cranial nerve, ipsilateral anaesthesia and thermal analgesia on the face and corneal hypoesthesia, caused by interruption of the trigeminal fascicle; Horner’s syndrome determined by the interruption of the descending pupil dilating nerve fibers located on the lateral portion of the pons and the medulla oblongata; hypoesthesia and thermal analgesia in the contralateral hemi body due to compromise of the lateral spinothalamic fascicle [19]; also, cerebellar ataxia and asynergy attributed to a lesion in the lower cerebellar peduncles [4,20–23]. Furthermore, dysarthria, ipsilateral dysmetria may also occur. Additionally, a loss of ipsilateral conjugate gaze as a consequence of flocculus involvement. Finally, it is worth mention that infarctions of the AICA territory are rare and often misdiagnosed [24].
Two patients with mixed connective tissue disease complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension showing contrasting responses to pulmonary vasodilators
Published in Modern Rheumatology Case Reports, 2020
Katsuhide Kusaka, Kazuhisa Nakano, Shigeru Iwata, Satoshi Kubo, Tomoya Nishida, Yoshiya Tanaka
The laboratory findings are presented in Table 2. The white blood cell and Plt counts were decreased. The hepatic enzyme levels were elevated. The brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level was markedly high at 861.1 pg/mL, and the KL-6 level was mildly high at 475 IU/mL. The patient was positive for antinuclear antibody, high-titer anti-U1-RNP antibody, anticentromere antibody, antimitochondrial M2 antibody, and anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody. Chest radiography showed enhanced shadows in the peripheral vessels and pulmonary artery, as well as protrusion of the right second arch, bilateral pleural effusion, and an interstitial shadow (Figure 3(A)). Additionally, contrast-enhanced CT from the neck to the pelvis showed an enhanced vascular shadow immediately below the pleura and interstitial shadow (Figure 3(B)). Lung perfusion scintigraphy showed no perfusion defect. Respiratory function tests showed markedly low values of %DLco (18%). Echocardiography showed a LVEF of 55%, no left ventricular asynergy, and an estimated mean PAP of 33.1 mmHg, which indicated moderate PH. RHC examination performed at the previous hospital showed a mean PAP of 40 mmHg, mean PAWP of 11 mmHg, and PVR of 6.17 woods. Although coronary angiography was performed at the same time, no ischaemic changes were observed in any of the 3 branches of the coronary artery.
The memory for words: Armand Trousseau on aphasia
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2022
Jacques Lordat (1773–1870) conceived of a model of speech in which the ability to retain the meaning of words also required the synergistic action of the muscles of articulation. Through recall and repetition, the coordinated movements of phonation became innate and led to the enunciation of words and sentences. For Lordat, the inability to speak but one or two words, to which he referred as alalia, could therefore be caused by verbal amnesia (amnésie verbale), or by the loss of the coordinated movements of the muscles of articulation, which he referred to as verbal asynergy (asynergie verbale; see Bousquet 1820; Dupau 1821; Lordat 1843; Moutier 1908, 16; Lecours et al., 1987).