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Synthetic Approaches to Inhibitors of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Pedro Merino, Loredana Maiuolo, Ignacio Delso, Vincenzo Algieri, Antonio De Nino, Tomas Tejero
Large lipophilic groups adjacent to the cyano moiety provided compounds with high inhibitory activity against GGPP and FPT enzymes (Tucker et al., 2002; Bergman et al., 2001). The synthesis of inhibitors 138–154 was carried out by reductive amination of aldehydes 135 with N-Boc-piperazine in presence of titanium isopropoxide as catalyst (Scheme 2.31). The subsequent deprotection of 136 by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) furnished the free amines 137 that were reacted with appropriate benzyl-p-nitrophenyl carbonates, isolating the final compounds in good yields. Reagents and conditions: (i) Ti(OPr)4, NaBH3CN, Boc-piperazine/THF-EtOH. (ii) TFA/CH2Cl2. (iii) appropriate benzyl-(p-nitrophenyl)carbonate, DIEA/DMF, 80°C.
Histological and biochemical evaluation of the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) versus titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on rat parotid gland
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2023
Sara M. Abdel Aal, Maha Z. Mohammed, Abeer A. Abdelrahman, Walaa Samy, Ghadeer M. M. Abdelaal, Raghda H. Deraz, Shaimaa A. Abdelrahman
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized at the laboratory of the Faculty of Science- Zagazig University using a Sol-gel method18 as follows: Solution A: 15 ml of titanium isopropoxide added to 45 ml of absolute ethanol at a volume ratio (1:3) under continuous stirring for 30 min until a homogenous white-yellow solution is produced.Solution B: 15 ml of doubly distilled water added to 60 ml of absolute ethanol at volume (1:4), Nitric acid (HNO3) was added dropwise until the adjustment of the solution pH to be (1) “acidic solution” to restrict the hydrolysis process of the solution.The gel preparation process started when both solutions A&B were mixed under vigorous stirring for 2 h.The gel dried at −80°C in a water bath for 1 h until most ethanol evaporated after that, the produced mixture dried overnight in an oven at −80°C.Then, the dry gel was calcinated at 500°C for 5 h. were subsequently carried out to obtain the desired TiO2 nano-powder
Synthesis and characterization of photocatalytic polyurethane and poly(methyl methacrylate) microcapsules for the controlled release of methotrexate
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Nusaiba K. Al-Nemrawi, Juliana Marques, Carlos J. Tavares, Rami J. Oweis, Mohamed G. Al-Fandi
The TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol–gel method followed by a hydrothermal treatment. A propyl alcohol solution in water (1:10) was prepared, and its pH was adjusted to 9 using NaOH (1 M). The nanoparticles were prepared by dissolving 2 ml of titanium isopropoxide in 2.5 ml of the previous alcohol/water solution. 6 ml of ethylenediamine was added as nitrogen dopant. The reaction was carried out under magnetic stirring for 48 h. After synthesis, the suspension was treated at 200 °C for 2 h in an autoclave, followed by centrifugation and washed several times with propyl alcohol. The nanopowder was dried for 6 h at 60 °C [6].
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of nanoformulations composed of metal-organic frameworks delivering rutin and/or piperine natural agents
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Khaled AbouAitah, Imane M. Higazy, Anna Swiderska-Sroda, Reda M. Abdelhameed, Stanislaw Gierlotka, Tarik A. Mohamed, Urszula Szałaj, Witold Lojkowski
The TiMOF was prepared according to Abdelhameed et al. (2015) as follows: 2-aminoterephthalic acid (1 g, 5.5 mmol) was dissolved in mixture of DMF/methanol (2:1, v/v). To the mixture, titanium isopropoxide (1 mL, 3.38 mmol) was added at room temperature (RT) under continuous stirring. The mixture was then kept for 24 h at 150 °C. After the solvo-thermal process, the slurry was converted to yellowish precipitate which was isolated by filtration and then washed by DMF followed by methanol. The isolated precipitate was dried under vacuum to obtain TiMOF powder.