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Inhalation Toxicity of Metal Particles and Vapors
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
The concern over adverse effects of strontium intake is based on the radiation damage, since strontium-90, present in nuclear fallout, is a potent environmental health hazard. Chemically, toxicity from strontium is almost nil. No adverse effects from industrial use have been reported.
Systemic complications of osteoporosis medical treatment
Published in Peter V. Giannoudis, Thomas A. Einhorn, Surgical and Medical Treatment of Osteoporosis, 2020
Konstantinos G. Makridis, Stamatina-Emmanouela Zourntou
In general, the use of strontium has been restricted due to the increased risk of venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, and serious cardiovascular disorders, including myocardial infarction (32). Regarding this complication, no clear data exist about the exact mechanism of action, and it seems that is mediated by several factors apart from strontium ranelate (33).
The Chemical Environment
Published in Vilma R. Hunt, Kathleen Lucas-Wallace, Jeanne M. Manson, Work and the Health of Women, 2020
Vilma R. Hunt, Kathleen Lucas-Wallace, Jeanne M. Manson
Information on the placental transfer of lead comes from the comparisons made with strontium90 skeletal uptake in the mid 1960s. Blanchard33 proposed that there might be less placental discrimination against lead than against strontium on the basis of a higher ratio of 210lead to 90strontium per gram of calcium in the bones of three infants who were 3 days old when compared with 11 other infants ranging in age from 2 to 12 months.
A brief review of the current knowledge on environmental toxicants and risk of pediatric cancers
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2022
Omar Shakeel, Philip J. Lupo, Simon Strong, Manish Arora, Michael E. Scheurer
Ionizing radiation is generally classified into two categories – photons (x-radiation and gamma radiation) and particles (alpha and beta particles and neutrons) that can cause genetic damage and increase risk of cancers.3 In children, exposure to radium and radon based on residential exposure level and time showed a linear dose-response with risk of lymphoid leukemia.14 Strontium concentrations measured in baby teeth were significantly correlated with cancer incidence in children 0 to 4 years of age.15 Background radiation from gamma rays estimated from geographical models may also contribute to the risk of pediatric leukemia and brain tumors.16 Additionally, childhood survivors of the atomic bomb blasts from World War II were found to have an increased risk of leukemia and solid tumors up to 55 years after the exposure, and children exposed to radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear accident were found to have a dose-related increased risk of thyroid cancer.17,18 Other studies, both large and small in size, have also shown an association with childhood leukemia and solid tumors and distance to nuclear power stations.19 Even low doses of ionizing radiation from medical imaging (e.g., computed tomography scans) were associated with an increased risk of leukemia.20 Interestingly, the association between pediatric cancer and solar and UV radiation have been largely equivocal.21
Comparative studies on the potential use of 177Lu-based radiopharmaceuticals for the palliative therapy of bone metastases
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Hesham M. H. Zakaly, Mostafa Y. A. Mostafa, Darya Deryabina, Michael Zhukovsky
The structure of the strontium model is presented in (ICRP 137. 2017). All soft tissues, the liver and the kidneys are included in the three groups labeled “other tissue” (ST0, ST1, ST2): these correspond to the rapid, intermediate and slow transition of activity from the blood, respectively. Blood here is considered to be a uniformly distributed fluid that exchanges activity between soft tissues and the bone surface. Bone tissue, as in the lanthanoid model, is divided into two types: cortical and trabecular. Each of these types of bone tissue is then divided into surface and volume. After a certain time, some of the activity on the surface of the bone tissue moves to the exchange volume of the bone, while the rest returns to the blood (ICRP 137. 2017). Activity from the exchange volume of bone tissue is distributed for up to a month between the surface of the bone and the unchanged volume of bone tissue.
Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two strontium ranelate formulations after single oral administration in healthy Chinese subjects
Published in Xenobiotica, 2019
Dan Zhang, Aihua Du, Xiaolin Wang, Lina Zhang, Man Yang, Jingyi Ma, Ming Deng, Huichen Liu
The brand-name drug Osseor® (strontium ranelate for suspension) has been imported and used in China for a decade. Strontium ranelate is mainly used for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and men with severe osteoporosis, and patients cannot be treated with other medicines approved for osteoporosis (EMA, 2016). It is composed of two atoms of stable nonradioactive strontium (Sr) and an organic moiety ranelic acid (Reginster et al., 2003). Its chemical structure is shown in Figure 1. In human, the absorption, distribution and binding to plasma proteins of ranelic acid are very low, the accumulation and metabolism of ranelic acid are not found, and the excretion mainly in the form of unchanged drug of absorbed ranelic acid occurs rapidly via the kidney (EMA, 2016; Reginster et al., 2003). The absolute bioavailability of Sr is about 25% after an oral dose of 2 g strontium ranelate, which is reduced by about 60–70% when strontium ranelate is taken with calcium (Ca) or food. Bone tissue has a high affinity for Sr, while the binding of Sr to human plasma proteins is low, so most of the absorbed Sr is deposited in the bones. Sr is not metabolized, its excretion occurs via the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract, and its half-life is approximately 60 h (EMA, 2016).