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The Chemical Environment
Published in Vilma R. Hunt, Kathleen Lucas-Wallace, Jeanne M. Manson, Work and the Health of Women, 2020
Vilma R. Hunt, Kathleen Lucas-Wallace, Jeanne M. Manson
Mortality patterns among women working in the rubber industry have now been described by Monson and Nakano.181 Standard mortality ratios (SMR) for lung, uterus, bladder, brain, and lymphatic cancer and myeloma were 100 or greater. The SMR for all causes of death was 78, to be expected for healthy working populations (Table 7). There were 21 deaths (vs. 10.8 expected) for those who had started work between 1920 and 1939. An excess of cancer of the uterus (not analyzed separately for cervix and fundus uteri) was seen particularly among women working in the industrial division with hoses, belts, tubing, molded rubber toys, and gloves. Asbestos, β-naphthylamine, uncured rubber, and rubber cement are among the toxic substances in that work environment. The possible association with lung, bladder, and brain cancer was suggested in the earlier study of male rubber workers in the same plants.182
Medications and substances of abuse
Published in James W. Albers, Stanley Berent, Neurobehavioral Toxicology: Neurological and Neuropsychological Perspectives, 2005
James W. Albers, Stanley Berent
When confronted with the information derived from the sural nerve biopsy, the patient acknowledged a recent dramatic increase in glue sniffing, using more than 40 4 oz bottles of rubber cement over the month prior to his admission. The rubber cement was huffed using a plastic bag for inhalation. He had been using a commercially available rubber cement that contained a small amount of n-hexane. He had continued huffing even after onset of his weakness but had no rubber cement exposure after his admission to the hospital. There was progression of his weakness during the first 3 weeks of hospitalization, with marked weakness of intrinsic hand muscles and less than antigravity function in his distal legs with bilateral foot drop (Figures 11.6 and 11.7). This resulted in a marked impairment of activities of daily living. He also developed severe neuropathic pain, described as burning with electric shock-like radiation into his extremities. Approximately 4 weeks after admission he experienced decrease in his pain and stabilization of his sensory and motor dysfunction.
Teratozoospermia with amorphous sperm head associate with abnormal chromatin condensation in a Chinese family
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Ying Ma, Ning Xie, Yi Li, Baoping Zhang, Dingxiong Xie, Wei Zhang, Qiuguang Li, Hongmiao Yu, Qianjing Zhang, Yali Ni, Xiaodong Xie
Hybridization was performed as reported elsewhere (Martinez et al. 2013). In brief, each slide was denatured by means of formamide solution (70% formamide/2 × SSC) at 73°C for 5 min. The slides were immersed in a 70%, 85% and 100% ethanol series for 3 min each and dried by air. The probes, precipitated and denatured at 80°C for 8 min, were applied directly to the slides. Then, the slides were covered with a coverslip and sealed with rubber cement. Hybridization occurred overnight in a dark humidified container at 37°C. Finally, slides were washed in 1 × SSC, counterstained with 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-pheneylindole (DAPI) and stored in the dark at 4°C before carrying out microscopic observation.
Chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency, and catalase concentration in a population chronically exposed to high levels of radon
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Dwi Ramadhani, Sofiati Purnami, Devita Tetriana, Irawan Sugoro, Viria Agesti Suvifan, Nastiti Rahadjeng, Septelia Inawati Wanandi, Heri Wibowo, Ikuo Kashiwakura, Tomisato Miura, Mukh Syaifudin
Two fluorescent DNA probes were used to stain whole chromosomes: Texas red-marked probe for chromosomes 2 and FITC-marked probe for chromosomes 4 (MetaSystems, Altlussheim, Germany). Following the manufacturer’s guidelines, the chromosomal DNA probe cocktail was premixed using an equal amount of each probe. Then, 4 µL of the probe mixture was applied on the hybridization area of the slide. The area was covered with a coverslip, sealed with rubber cement and the slides were incubated overnight at 37 °C in a humidified environment. After incubation, the rubber cement was removed and the slides were washed with 0.4× saline sodium citrate (SSC) buffer at 37 °C for 2 min. The slides were treated with 0.5× SSC/0.05% Tween 20 for 30 s at room temperature and then quickly washed multiple times in ultrapure water to avoid salt crystal formation. After air drying, the slides were counterstained with 15 µL of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), mounted with coverslips, and sealed with nail polish. The slides were placed in a Zeiss Axioplan 2 Imaging epifluorescence microscope linked to a Cool Cube digital high-resolution CCD camera (MetaSystems, Altlussheim, Germany). The Autocapt module of the Metafer software v3.11.2 was used to capture images (1280 × 1024 pixels, .tif) of metaphase cells. Stable CA were classified based on a modified PAINT nomenclature (Hristova et al. 2013). Translocations were identified as: A and a represent DAPI-counterstained chromosomes, B and b represent red-stained chromosomes, and C and c represent green-stained chromosomes. The chromosomal segments containing centromeres have capital letters, where those without centromeres have small letters. The two-color FISH was conducted with samples from five subjects exposed to the highest indoor radon concentration in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants and five subjects from the Topoyo village.
Cellular kinetics of hematopoietic cells with Sfpi1 deletion are present at different frequencies in bone-marrow and spleen in X-irradiated mice
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Reo Etani, Mitsuaki Ojima, Kentaro Ariyoshi, Yohei Fujishima, Michiaki Kai
HRCs with HDSG were detected with FISH using Sfpi1 probes made from the bacterial artificial chromosome clone, RP23-20F9, which was isolated from the research genetics mouse bacterial artificial chromosome library. Sfpi1 (Specific sequence) probes labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 were prehybridized with salmon sperm DNA (Invitrogen, Tokyo, Japan) and Mouse Cot-1 DNA (Invitrogen, Tokyo, Japan), precipitated in ethanol, and then resuspended in formamide. HRCs were fixed gradually using Carnoy’s solution (3:1 methanol:acetic acid). The cells were stored at −20 °C in this fixative before analysis. The cells were centrifuged (400 × g, 5 min, 4 °C), resuspended in approximately 30 μl Carnoy’s solution, dropped onto slides, and then heated in a steam bath for 1 min. Before FISH testing, the slides were incubated at 60 °C on a hotplate for 60 min. All slides were treated with 70% (v/v) deionized formamide in 2× SSC at 58 °C for 30 s to denature the DNA, and then dehydrated in an ethanol series (70%, 100%) on ice for 2 min each. The mixture of probe and hybridization buffer was denatured by heating to 72 °C for 5 min and then cooled rapidly on ice for application to the slide. The denatured probes were applied to the slides under coverslips, which were sealed with rubber cement. Slides were incubated overnight at 37 °C in a humid box. After hybridization, the slides were washed in 50% formamide in 2× SSC for 20 min at 37 °C, once for 5 min in 2 × SSC, once for 5 min in 1 × SSC, two times in 4 × SSC (10 min and 15 min), once for 5 min in 4 × SSC, 0.05% Tween-20, and two times (15 min per wash) in 4 × SSC. The slides were lightly washed in distilled water, air dried, and mounted in Vectashield containing 1.5 μg/ml, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) as a counterstain. Cells were directly visualized with a microscope; the CCD camera and Metafer 4 software Ver. 3.9.6 (MetaSystems GmbH, Altlussheim, Germany) were used for photographic purposes only. The frequency of HRCs with HDSG per 100 cells was analyzed. Figure 2(A,B) shows examples of HRCs with HDSG in bone marrow and spleen respectively.