China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sleep-Promoting Substance (SPS) and Nucleosides
Published in Shojiro Inoué, Biology of Sleep Substances, 2020
Recently, a preliminary experiment by Ozaki et al.49 has revealed that low doses (5 to 50 nM) of synthetic uridine caused either a rapid, short-term suppression or a slow, longterm suppression of neural firing activity in the crayfish stretch receptor in vitro. The latter suppression lasted even after washing the receptor with Ringer solution. In contrast, large doses (higher than 1 μM) acted dosage-independently and slowly to enhance the firing activity, which disappeared after washing. Pretreatment with low doses of uridine cancelled the effect of a higher dose of uridine, indicating the presence of a desensitizing mechanism. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) did not affect the action of uridine. It is speculated that uridine may modulate the neuronal activity by affecting the intracellular metabolic activity.
Toward Clinical Pharmacologic Otoprotection
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Colleen G. Le Prell, Kelly Roth, Kathleen C. M. Campbell
Lactated Ringers solution is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution used for fluid and electrolyte replacement. It cannot be administered simultaneously with calcium-containing infusion solutions, such as the drug ceftriaxone. There are a number of patient populations for which LR should not be administered and some populations may require clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory assessment to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, or acid–base balance. LR is administered under physician oversight.
Functional Study of Lysosomal Nutrient Transporters
Published in Bruno Gasnier, Michael X. Zhu, Ion and Molecule Transport in Lysosomes, 2020
Xavier Leray, Corinne Sagné, Bruno Gasnier
Two buffers are used: Modified Barth’s solution (MBS): 88 mM NaCl, 1 mM KCl, 2.4 mM NaHCO3, 0.82 mM MgSO4, 0.33 mM Ca(NO3)2, 0.41 mM CaCl2, 5 mM Hepes pH 7.4. This solution is used to maintain oocytes.Ca2+-free oocyte Ringer solution (OR2-): 82.5 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 5 mM Hepes pH 7.4. This solution is used for collagenase treatment. The absence of Ca2+ is critical to preserve oocyte integrity during defolliculation because purified collagenase preparations often contain contaminating proteases activated by Ca2+.
Propofol/dexmedetomidine Versus Desflaurane Effects on Post Hepatectomy Hepatocellular Injury
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2023
Ola A. Saad Ali Lashin, Mohamed M. Abd- Elfattah Ghoneim, Hany M. Mohamed Elzahaby, Mohamed M. Mohamed Awad Rashed, Sahar M. Talaat Taha
Preoperatively, all patients were evaluated and told to fast for 8 h for solids and 2 h for clear fluids. Upon arrival at the operating room, a ringer solution was infused at a rate of 10 ml/kg/h after intravenous access was established. For sedation, the patient was given 2 mg of midazolam intravenously. Intraoperative monitoring included noninvasive blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG), and arterial oxygen saturation. In the propofol dexmedetomidine group (group A), induction of GA started using 3 mcg/kg fentanyl, followed by propofol 2 mg/kg, IV loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg over 10 min, and 0. 5 mg/kg atracurium. In the desflurane group (group B), induction of GA started using 3 mcg/kg fentanyl, followed by thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg) and 0.5 mg/kg atracurium.
Influence of fentanyl-based Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia (PCIA) with and without background infusion on postoperative pain intensity in patients following total hip replacement
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2023
All patients received conventional monitoring prior to regional anesthesia, including electrocardiograms, non-invasive blood pressure measurements, and pulse oximetry. The patients were given a preload of 500 ml of ringer solution through an intravenous (IV) line fitted with an 18-gauge IV cannula. The patients were supported in their sitting position on a horizontal table by an assistance. In the lumbar region, an aseptic technique was used to prepare it and drape it. An intervertebral gap was identified between L3 and L4. A 2% lignocaine solution was injected into the prick point in a volume of 2 mL. In all patients, for rapid onset, good anesthesia and muscle relaxation effect combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA) was performed using 3–4 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 25 ug fentanyl administered using a 27-gauge Whitacre spinal needle and an 18-gauge Tuohy epidural needle. By applying the loss of resistance method, we were able to determine the epidural space. As soon as the medication was injected into the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), the spinal needle was removed, and an epidural catheter was inserted and secured. The patient was then gradually positioned supine. The unblocked segments were tested by pin prick test 1.0–1.5 ml of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine was administrated through the epidural route until the block was extended to T10.
Is a hyperosmolar pump prime for cardiopulmonary bypass a risk factor for postoperative delirium? A double blinded randomised controlled trial
Published in Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2023
Helena Claesson Lingehall, Yngve Gustafson, Staffan Svenmarker, Micael Appelblad, Fredrik Davidsson, Fredrik Holmner, Alexander Wahba, Birgitta Olofsson
We have experienced a high POD incidence over a 20-year period [2,6]. Most cardiac centres in Sweden use mannitol as a pump prime additive. The use of mannitol internationally is probably less frequent. In a recent survey, the reported usage was below 30% [7]. The effects of a hyperosmolar prime solution from a more general perspective are however scarcely investigated. Research initiatives detected a series of POD related risk factors as the volume of infused ringer solution and changes of the serum sodium level postoperatively [2,5,8,9]. It made us suspect a possible link to the pump prime used for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the high incidence of POD at our cardiac centre. The inclusion of mannitol supplemented with sodium chloride made the plasma osmolality increase well above 300 mOsmol/kg at commence of CPB [10], which is associated with significant changes of the circulatory plasma volume and possibly also the concentration of electrolytes [2].