China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Renal Disease; Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Potassium chloride can be added to fluids to replace potassium loss. Kidneys excrete a certain amount of potassium each day, so, if a patient is not eating or drinking, this loss will need to be replaced. Rapid infusion of large amounts of potassium can cause fatal cardiac arrest. Generally, therefore, 20–40 mmol of potassium are added to 1 litre of normal saline or 5% dextrose and given over 4–8 hours.
Periodic Paralysis—Hyperkalemic/Hypokalemic
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Potassium: For those with hypokalemic periodic paralysis, the risk of attack and episodes of weakness may be prevented or shortened by ingesting potassium chloride (KCl) supplements.3,8 A dose of 0.5-1.0 mEq/kg in aqueous form can be taken 15-30 minutes prior to exercise or before bed to prevent attacks. The same dose can also be ingested at the beginning of an attack11
Multiple Gestations
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Edward J. Hayes, Michelle R. Hayes
In MC pregnancies, potassium chloride should not be used, as it crosses to the other fetus through the placental anastomoses and causes fetal death therefore of both fetuses. Cord ligation, or occlusion with clips, diathermy or other means have been used, with insufficient data for effective comparison.
Evaluation of knowledge and practices about administration and regulations of high alert medications among hospital pharmacists in Pakistan: findings and implications
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2022
Muhammad Salman, Zia Ul Mustafa, Naureen Shehzadi, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Noman Asif, Yusra Habib Khan, Tahir Mehmood Khan, Khalid Hussain
Rapid administration of potassium chloride (KCl) concentrates causes serious adverse events; risks of arrhythmias, cardiac arrest and even deaths28–30. Therefore, KCl should be diluted in a suitable diluent before administration and administered slowly to avoid undesirable effects. Our findings showed that a considerable number of respondents did not know that KCl should not be administered by fast IV push. In addition, around one-fourth of study participants were not aware that KCl (15%) should be avoided to be stored in hospital wards or nursing units, and free access of nurses to this drug is not advised. Previous studies among nurses and physicians also highlighted inadequacies in the knowledge of KCl administration necessitating interventions for improvement12,13,15,31. The death of a nine months old child in Pakistan following the rapid IV administration of KCL indicates that the health professionals are not much aware of the appropriate use of HAMs, necessitating the need for structured training programs in hospitals.
Bereaved parents’ unwillingness to participate in a joint research interview: The case of feticide
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2020
Ronit D. Leichtentritt, Galia Weinberg Kurnik
Feticide is a clinical procedure developed in order to avoid the socially undesirable possibility that late-term termination of pregnancy might result in a live birth. It is used in the termination of pregnancies that are beyond 24 weeks – the age of viability – and is intended to ensure that the fetus is dead at birth (Glesson & Chappell, 2005). With ultrasound guidance, potassium chloride is injected into the fetal heart to induce cardiac arrest (asystole). Following the fetus’ demise, labor is induced (Isada et al., 1992). Feticide is no longer a rare procedure, and with increasing rates of feticide worldwide (Gross, 2002) it is highly important to openly discuss the topic and characterize its implications for both mothers and fathers.
A novel nonsense mutation in the β-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel causing Liddle syndrome
Published in Blood Pressure, 2021
Štěpán Mareš, Jan Filipovský, Kateřina Vlková, Martin Pešta, Václava Černá, Jaroslav Hrabák, Jitka Mlíková Seidlerová, Otto Mayer
In proband I-1, born in 1954, hypertension was diagnosed at 12 years of age; when she was 20 years old, she was hospitalised for symptomatic acceleration, with blood pressure (BP) values of up to 200/100 mmHg. She was referred to our centre at 39 years of age for difficult-to-treat hypertension. Plasma aldosterone, renin and metanephrines concentrations were assessed in order to exclude primary aldosteronism and pheochromocytoma. Additionally, Doppler ultrasound of kidneys and adrenal glands was performed. No pathology of renal parenchyma and vessels or adrenal expansion was found. She was treated initially with a combination of 3 drugs (perindopril, felodipine and betaxolol) and with this treatment, hypertension was successfully controlled. She had normal kidney function tests, potassium level and other basic laboratory values. The only pathology was hyperlipidaemia with LDL levels exceeding 4 mmol/l despite treatment with statin. At the age of 50 years, indapamide was added due to BP values exceeding 150/90 mmHg; hypokalaemia (2.7 mmol/l) appeared for the first time after the dose of indapamide had been increased to 2.5 mg daily. Potassium supplementation was started, and the dose of potassium chloride was gradually increased from 500 mg up to 3000 mg daily. In the meantime, she put on weight and type 2 diabetes was manifested. She has had mild heart failure and permanent atrial fibrillation since 2017. Proband I-1 has a positive family history of hypertension and premature cardiovascular events: her mother had hypertension from childhood and died of stroke at 36 years of age. Her brother had repeated myocardial infarction and stroke and died aged 43 years.