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Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Other examples are poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly(hydroxyl butyrate) (PHB) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) [8]. Plastics which are good for biomedical applications are polypropylene (PP), PU, and polyethylene (PE) and equally found useful. Some of the polymers are soluble in water. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylic acid (PAA), and guar gum have used for similar applications [12].
Rehabilitation
Published in Jan de Boer, Marcel Dubouloz, Handbook of Disaster Medicine, 2020
The use of polypropylene, an ideal material for the manufacture of prostheses, was introduced in the 1980s and solved the problem of preservation as it comes in easy-to-stock sheets. This made it possible to stock the workshops with more than a year’s supply of material. However, the problem then arose of preventing the use of the propylene for other purposes, especially military, as it is a highly sought-after material. At present one can find polypropylene in some Third World countries but only with difficulty in countries at war.
Incontinence Pessaries
Published in Teresa Tam, Matthew F. Davies, Vaginal Pessaries, 2019
Disposable incontinence devices have been developed and marketed for use in recent years for women interested in the nonsurgical management of SUI in the setting of short periods of activity. Disposable incontinence devices come in varying sizes, and depending on the brand, sizing can be performed by the patient at home using a sizing kit or in the office similar to traditional incontinence pessaries. The Impressa bladder support device (Figure 3.6) is an FDA-approved over-the-counter disposable incontinence device marketed for up to 12 hours of use within a 24-hour period for the temporary management of SUI in women. This particular disposable incontinence device offers a sizing kit for at-home self-fitting and comes in three distinct sizes marketed for “low,” “medium,” and “high” levels of support. The sizing kit comes with two bladder supports of each size and has a retail value of $4.99, while single-size packs of 10 devices retail at $14.49 per package. The device is inserted into the vagina using a plastic applicator similar to that of a menstrual tampon, with a polyester and rayon string at the distal end that protrudes out of the vagina for self-removal. The device is constructed from medical-grade silicone and surrounded by a nonabsorbent polypropylene covering.
Controversies in Pediatric Angle Surgery and Secondary Surgical Treatment
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2023
Alexander K. Young, Deborah K. Vanderveen
The Ahmed valved GDD (New World Medical, Rancho Cucamonga, California, USA) has been one of the most popular and best described in pediatric glaucoma treatment. First approved in 1993, its distinction is the use of silicone membranes that creates a one-way flow restriction valve. The valve closes at low pressures and reduces the risk of early postoperative hypotony.25 The most common material has been silicone, although polypropylene has been used, with lower success rate due to its more inflammatory biomaterial.26 Initial use in the pediatric population demonstrated that there was an effective lowering of intraocular pressure, with one study showing a 60% success rate over 2 years.27 This success rate decreases significantly over the next few years, as low as 33% in 5 years.28 The Baerveldt GDD (Advanced Medical Optics, Inc., Santa Ana, California, USA), also popular in pediatric patients, is a non-valved device with reservoir size options of 250 and 350 mm2. The silicone tube is occluded temporarily with a ligation suture or an intraluminal suture to prevent early postoperative hypotony. Success rates are up to 80% in the first year, but decline to about 60% at 4 years.29 Of note, the Molteno GDD (Molteno Ophthalmic Ltd., Dunedin, New Zealand) has been utilized and was more popular prior to the use of the Ahmed and Baerveldt valves but has fallen out of favor and is not frequently described in recent literature.30
Polyvinylidene Fluoride Mesh Use in Laparoscopic Ventral Mesh Rectopexy in Patients with Obstructive Defecation Syndrome for the First Time
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Mahdi Alemrajabi, Behnam Darabi, Behrouz Banivaheb, Nima Hemmati, Sepideh Jahanian, Mohammad Moradi
Interestingly, polypropylene as one of the mesh materials used in trials, had the highest overall complication rates. Evans et al. reported a patient with a perforated diverticulitis who expired afterward. In recent years, the safety of synthetic mesh use in LVMR became questionable, especially the polypropylene mesh. One of the major complications of polypropylene mesh is erosion of the surrounding tissues, especially when used in pelvic organ prolapse and rectopexy [26]. Also, the use of polyester mesh is an independent risk factor of mesh-related complications [27]. Biological meshes seem to be a good option with low complication rate, but relatively expensive and not available in all countries [28]. Systematic reviews reported mesh-related complications for biological meshes [11, 12]. Also, the price of biological meshes are higher and it was suggested that these meshes should be used in patients with higher risk of complications such as fistula formation, pelvic infection, diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, history of pelvic radiotherapy, steroid use or previous mesh-related complication [12]. Therefore, exploring new options seems to be mandatory.
Response surface modeling integrated microtiter plate assay for Mycobacterium fortuitum biofilm quantification
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Ayushi Sharma, Jitendraa Vashistt, Rahul Shrivastava
Biofilm formation is a major factor involved in boosting M. fortuitum infections (Schulze-Röbbecke et al. 1992). The bacterium forms biofilms under both low- and high-nutrient conditions (Hall-Stoodley et al. 1998). Complications associated with its attachment to polypropylene sutures and medical implants, such as mammaplasty prostheses and prosthetic heart valves, were documented previously (Zamora et al. 2007). Mycobacterium fortuitum has been recognized as a robust pathogen (Kawamoto et al. 1999) whose eradication from hospital settings is difficult because of its adherence potential (Zamora et al. 2007) and resistance to biocides such as silver nitrate, phenol, and hydrogen peroxide (Bardouniotis et al. 2001). This bacterium exhibits intrinsic resistance to the first-line antituberculous drugs pyrazinamide, ethambutol, rifampicin, and isoniazid (El Helou et al. 2013). In addition to its sensitivity to macrolides, it has been known to carry the inducible erythromycin methylase (erm) gene, with the possibility of conferring resistance to macrolides (clarithromycin) (Nash et al. 2005). Hence, monotherapy of M. fortuitum with macrolides is not recommended (De Groote and Huitt 2006). Its biofilms exhibit a pronounced resistance profile against ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and clarithromycin, which are commonly used to treat infections caused by the mycobacterium (Ortíz-Pérez et al. 2011).