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Methods for Casting Airways
Published in Joan Gil, Models of Lung Disease, 2020
This was introduced by Narat et al. (1936) as a material for making casts and was used by Liebow et al. (1947) to demonstrate pulmonary pathology. The technique was improved by Tucker and Krementz (1957a, b) for making vascular and bronchial casts. Vinylite is dissolved in acetone, and suffers considerable shrinkage as the solvent evaporates. In addition, it is rather brittle and is easily broken. It has been superseded by the more modern polyester resins.
Nail Product Rheology
Published in Laba Dennis, Rheological Proper ties of Cosmetics and Toiletries, 2017
Some commercial products use a polyester resin, such as a terpolymer of 2,2,4-trimethyl-l,3-pentanediol, isophthallic acid, and trimellitic anhydride (7). Some products have used sucrose benzoate/sucrose acetate-isobu-tyrate copolymer in combination with the toluene sulfonamide resin. Other products have used styrene acrylic copolymers in addition to these two resins. Recently, a toluene sulfonamide/epoxy has become commercially available. This is a formaldeyhyde free resin. These resins will increase in popularity with increasing regulatory impact on cosmetics from regulations such as California's Proposition 65. The literature is replete with references (39) to myriads of modifying resins, but few of these have been commercialized.
Skin Allergy Caused by Organic Acid Anhydrides
Published in Ana M. Giménez-Arnau, Howard I. Maibach, Contact Urticaria Syndrome, 2014
Riitta Jolanki, Kristiina Aalto-Korte
OAAs are used especially in the production of plasticizing agents, and of alkyd, epoxy, and polyester resins. They were among the very first epoxy curing agents used and remain a major class of epoxy curing agents for heat cure systems when excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties are required. OAAs are the principal curing agents for cycloaliphatic and olefin epoxy resins in electrical casting and potting. OAA cured epoxy resins are also used in, for example, filament-wound epoxy pipes, printed circuit board laminates, mineral-filled composites, and encapsulation applications.[1]
Carcinogenic and health risk assessment of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene in the petrochemical industry using the US Environmental Protection Agency method
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Vahid Ahmadi-Moshiran, Ali Asghar Sajedian, Ahmad Soltanzadeh, Fatemeh Seifi, Rozhin Koobasi, Neda Nikbakht, Mohsen Sadeghi-Yarandi
Another VOC produced in the petrochemical industry is styrene. Styrene is widely used in the manufacture of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene (ABS) copolymer, plastics, rubber, polyester resin, fiberglass, toys, home appliances, etc. [13–15]. Styrene, with the chemical formula C6H5CH=CH2 or C8H8, is a benzene-derived aromatic hydrocarbon with a sweet smell that is colorless and vaporizes quickly [16,17]. Exposure to styrene causes toxic effects, including changes in the peripheral and central nervous system (such as drowsiness, headache, imbalance), skin and respiratory system irritation and mild liver damage [18]. Significant correlations have been found between exposure to styrene and impaired color recognition (as the most apparent sign of styrene neurotoxicity), hearing loss and neurocognitive disorder [19]. The IARC has designated group 2B (probable carcinogen) for this substance [15,20]. Previous studies have shown that exposure to styrene is a risk factor for benign respiratory diseases [19].
Clot activators and anticoagulant additives for blood collection. A critical review on behalf of COLABIOCLI WG-PRE-LATAM
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2021
G. Lima-Oliveira, L. M. Brennan-Bourdon, B. Varela, M. E. Arredondo, E. Aranda, S. Flores, P. Ochoa
While glass tubes preserve the vacuum (negative pressure) better than plastic tubes [61], plastic tubes are lighter and less breakable [62]. Moreover, polyester resins, based on ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid plus ethylene glycol and isophthalic acid (>20 mol %), allow the production, by injection molding, of plastic tubes with high vacuum barrier properties [63]. The replacement of glass tubes by plastic tubes has minimized accidents due to broken glass, improved workplace safety and reduced safety concerns for health care professionals [64]. No differences in test interpretation were observed after switching from glass to plastic tubes for common clinical chemistry [65], therapeutic drug monitoring [66], coagulation [67], hormone, and tumor marker [68] tests.
Ethylcellulose-stabilized fat-tissue phantom for quality assurance in clinical hyperthermia
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Mattia De Lazzari, Anna Ström, Laura Farina, Nuno P. Silva, Sergio Curto, Hana Dobšíček Trefná
Recipes that avoid the use of water, so-called dry phantoms, have also been explored, but generally, these recipes suffer from complicated preparation procedures, inadequate thermal or dielectric properties, or limited stability over time. Allen et al. [20] proposed a polyester resin (Laminac 4110), acetylene black, and aluminum powder-based material, while another example is a silicone rubber phantom reinforced with carbon fiber [21]. These phantoms are stable over time but demanding to prepare. More recently, Garrett et al. evaluated mixtures of carbon powder and urethane rubber in different quantities, leading to a flexible and dielectrically stable material, but its thermal properties, as well as dielectric properties at frequencies below 1 GHz, have not been investigated [22].