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Erythrocyte Deformability
Published in Gordon D. O. Lowe, Clinical Blood Rheology, 2019
Most workers have discarded each polycarbonate membrane after use but attempts at cleaning these membranes, using chromic acid, for subsequent reuse have been made.23 A much easier technique is to wash the filter in tap water and ultrasonicate for 10 sec in sodium dodecyl sulfate.24 Ultrasonicated polycarbonate filters can be reused repeatedly in this way.109
Aircraft Decontamination and Mitigation
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
William T. Greer Jr., Angela M.G. Theys, William R. Davis, Kenneth J. Heater
Hot air decontamination (HAD) is essentially an accelerated weathering process, whereby a constant stream of hot air is forced through the aircraft to accelerate the evaporation of chemical agents. The effluent can be filtered to remove the vaporous agents. HAD or forced weathering has been the focus of several studies on large-frame aircraft since the mid-1990s (Delagado et al., 1997; Grim et al., 1999). In 2004, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) demonstrated that an air stream at 150°F with an average velocity of 3.5 ft/s was effective against a variety of chemical agents, including thickened agents (Mundis et al., 2004). Based on the success of laboratory trials, similar tests were conducted on a C-141 Starlifter using simulants only. Although complete decontamination was not achieved on polycarbonate and textiles (due to simulant absorption) in the 4 and 20-hour timeframes that correlate with laboratory studies, the field test successfully demonstrated the scalability of the method and the feasibility of HAD (Mundis et al., 2004).
Organic Chemicals
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Polycarbonates are used in containers for many liquids as well as in oxygenators for heart–lung machines and other extracorporeal medical devices. Polycarbonates leach off synthetics, which causes problems in the chemically sensitive; however, polycarbonates are not as toxic as most plastics.
Detection of endocrine and metabolism disrupting xenobiotics in milk-derived fat samples by fluorescent protein-tagged nuclear receptors and live cell imaging
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2023
Keshav Thakur, Emmagouni Sharath Kumar Goud, Yashika Jawa, Chetan Keswani, Suneel Onteru, Dheer Singh, Surya P. Singh, Partha Roy, Rakesh K. Tyagi
Further experiments were conducted to examine the translocation behavior of GFP-AR with BPA alone and fat extracted from milk spiked with BPA. BPA is reported to be an anti-androgenic and estrogen-mimicking synthetic chemical extensively used to synthesize polycarbonate plastics for containers, food packaging material, electronic gadgets, housewares, water pipes, etc. When tested with our current cell-based assay we observed that BPA alone and BPA in milk-fat extracted from spiked milk efficiently translocated GFP-AR from cytoplasm to nuclear compartment. For the study, COS-1 cells were transiently transfected with GFP-AR. After the transfection period of 12–16 hours, the cells were incubated with experimental ligand in DMEM having 5% steroid-free serum without antibiotics for 24 hours at 37 °C. Cell treatments were performed in two groups i.e. a) solvent group (DHT/BPA in DMSO: EtOH) and b) fat group (DHT/BPA in milk-fat). BPA exhibited a dose-dependent (25–100 µM) increase in receptor translocation. In addition, when compared, milk-fat alone showed marginally higher nuclear translocation than the solvent alone, implying the possible presence of low levels of AR ligand in milk samples (Figure 2).
Doxycycline Suppresses Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Pterygium Fibroblasts
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Meng-Xuan He, Jun-Fang Zhang, Ling Yang, Bai Qin, Hong-Wei Gu, Qiu-Yang Tang, Huai-Jin Guan, Hai-Hong Shi
For the Transwell migration assay, HPFs exposed to various concentrations of doxycycline (25, 50, 100 µg/ml) for 48 h were seeded into the upper Transwell chambers at a density of 80,000 cells per well with serum-free medium. In addition, the lower chambers were filled with medium containing 10% FBS. After incubating for 24 h at 37 °C with 5% CO2, the cells remaining on the upper side of the polycarbonate membrane were wiped off, and the invading cells on the lower side of the membranes were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution for 30 min and stained with crystal violet for 2 h. The number of invading cells was counted using an inverted light microscope. For the Transwell invasion assay, before cells were seeded, Matrigel, which was thawed at 4 °C overnight and diluted 8 times with serum-free medium, was added to the chambers at 80 µl per well and solidified in an incubator for 30 min. The remaining steps were carried out as outlined for the Transwell migration assay.
The effects of bisphenols on the cardiovascular system
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2022
Patrícia Dias, Václav Tvrdý, Eduard Jirkovský, Marija Sollner Dolenc, Lucija Peterlin Mašič, Přemysl Mladěnka
The general population has been unavoidably exposed to BPA via food and beverages packaged in containers made from materials containing BPA. Data from a European Union assessment (2008) and the Scientific Committee on Food (2002) suggested daily BPA exposure range between 0.48 and 1.45 µg/kg. Except of classical oral exposure, there are other ways of exposure to BPA and its derivatives, like sublingual, transdermal, and inhalation exposures (Gayrard et al. 2013; vom Saal and Welshons 2014). Furthermore, a potentially important source of exposition to bisphenols is represented by medical devices and tubing as documented for BPA in cases of exposition of neonates at intensive care units (Calafat et al. 2009; Duty et al. 2013). In addition, there have also been cases of occupational exposure-related to BPA due to polycarbonate or epoxy resin handling procedures (Gray et al. 2004; Joint Research Centre Institute for Health and Consumer Protection 2010).