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Synthetic Seeds Vis-A-Vis Cryopreservation: An Efficient Technique for Long-Term Preservation of Endangered Medicinal Plants
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Md. Nasim Ali, Syandan Sinha Ray
Plant tissue culture is in vitro cultivation of cell, tissue or organ in a defined media under aseptic condition (Thorpe, 2007). A large number of pathogen-free plants can be regenerated from a single source through the in vitro propagation method (Cruz-Cruz et al., 2013). Besides clonal propagation, in vitro propagation permits the conservation of germplasm for a reasonable duration. This approach of conservation has gained importance because of its wider application, cost-effectiveness, and least requirement of space (Matsumoto, 2001). In vitro conservation of germplasm can be done either for short-mid term or long-term storage (Villalobos et al., 1991). The basic principle for short-mid-term storage under in vitro condition is to slow down the growth rate of the plant (Kaviani, 2011).
Biotechnological Studies of Medicinal Plants to Enhance Production of Secondary Metabolites under Environmental Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Plant tissue culture is at the core of medicinal biotechnology, facilitating higher production of metabolites even in low-yielding and biotic/abiotic stress-susceptiblemedicinal plants. The successful applications of several other strategies like micropropagation, in situ and ex situ conservation, genetic transformation, bioengineering, and polyploidy induction needed for the improvement of medicinal plants are directly or indirectly dependent on plant tissue culture (Grzegorczyk-Karolak et al. 2018).
In Vitro Plant Regeneration, Comparative Biochemical and Antioxidant Potential of Calli and Seeds of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poiret
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Medicinal Plants, 2018
Krishnamoorthy Vinothini, Masilamani Sri Devi, Sudharshan Sekar, Blassan P. George, Heidi Abrahamse, Bettine van Vuuren, Arjun Pandian
Plant tissue culture is a technique of culturing plant cells, tissues and organs on synthetic medium under an aseptic environment and controlled conditions of light, temperature and humidity. There has been an increasing interest in developing in vitro propagation techniques for establishing multipurpose clones of selected plants from within highly variable natural populations (Sinha 2000). Plant tissue culture technology holds great promise for micropropagation, conservation and enhancement of the natural levels of valuable secondary plant products and to meet pharmaceutical demands (Harisaranraj et al. 2009). Accumulation of phytohormones to the culture medium redirects the growth and differentiation of somatic cells (Skoog and Miller 1957; Arjun 2011). Novel cell production and isolation in cultured plant cells can arise in two diverse developmental pathways of organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis (Arjun 2011).
Green and chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: effects on in-vitro seedlings and callus cultures of Silybum marianum and evaluation of their antimicrobial and anticancer potential
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Faryal Saeed, Muhammad Younas, Hina Fazal, Sadaf Mushtaq, Faiz ur Rahman, Muzamil Shah, Sumaira Anjum, Nisar Ahmad, Mohammad Ali, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi
Conclusively, the effect of G-ZNPs on seed germination, growth, callus induction and biochemical profile of S. marianum as well as antibacterial and anticancer assays is noteworthy. We found that callus-mediated ZnO-NPs were acting as growth promoter and showed enhanced biochemical profile as compared to C-ZNPs. Due to strong antimicrobial and anticancer behaviour of ZnO-NPs, it has a tremendous role in plant tissue culture and proved an excellent candidate to assure commercial biomedical applications. Our results revealed that G-ZNPs-elicited callus expressed much stronger inhibitory effect on bacterial and cancerous cells as compared to C-ZNPs. In-vitro cultures elicited with G-ZNPs could be an alternative strategy in the field of antibacterial and anticancer therapeutics. Yet, our expertise of the basic mechanisms that proclaim such processes is limited and should be investigated further.
Biosynthesis of antioxidative enzymes and polyphenolics content in calli cultures of Prunella vulgaris L. in response to auxins and cytokinins
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Hina Fazal, Bilal Haider Abbasi, Nisar Ahmad, Bushra Noureen, Jahangir Shah, Dan Ma, Liu Chuanliang, Fazal Akbar, Muhammad Nazir Uddin, Haji Khan, Mohammad Ali
Similar to enzymatic defense components, the non-enzymatic polyphenolics were also found to be PGRs dependent and biomass independent. The application of 0.5 mg l−1 NAA boosted up biomass production but reduced polyphenolics biosynthesis. Further, 2.0 mg l−1 NAA and BA improved synthesis of phenolics and 1.5 mg l−1 NAA and BA enhanced flavonoids on full MS-media. However, the half MS-media in combination with various NAA concentrations was found optimum for production of polyphenolics. Seldom changes in plant secondary metabolites occur during in vitro callogenesis. SODs, PODs, TPC and TFC defense compounds are produced during abiotic and biotic stresses and promote the development and growth of plant cells and tissues. It is beneficial for the production of TPC and TFC to used plant tissue culture. In the literature, specific reports on the P. vulgaris calli cultures for the production of TPC and TFC are not available. Though, in various cultures of therapeutic herbs, different researchers reported similar TPC and TFC biosynthesis [22,23]. Naz et al. [24] described that callus cultures of Cicer arietinum yielded higher phenolics like the current study. Ghasemzadeh et al. [25] reported maximum production of polyphenolics content in two varieties of Zingiber officinale. Hemm et al. [26] and Liu et al. [27] reported that the organogenic potential is not the only one affected by PGRs and elicitors, but it also affects metabolites production.
Sustainable production of biomass and industrially important secondary metabolites in cell cultures of selfheal (Prunella vulgaris L.) elicited by silver and gold nanoparticles
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Hina Fazal, Bilal Haider Abbasi, Nisar Ahmad, Mohammad Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Abbas Khan, Dong-Qing Wei
Application of nanoparticles significantly influenced the establishment of cell cultures in P. vulgaris. The literature is still limited that know the effect of nanoparticles on the progression and development of different plant tissues and cells. The effect of nanoparticles not only restricted to growth regulation but also prominently affected the pathways of secondary metabolism. Here, the combination of nanotechnology and plant tissue culture produce promising results in suspended cells of P. vulgaris that further need insight view of molecular mechanism. In some plant species, the application of nanoparticles produced positive results but their accumulation in plant tissues and its subsequent release to the environment are still contradictory [2]. The effect of nanoparticles varies with plant species, with age and type of tissues selected for applications [33]. Previously, in plant species like Hordeum vulgare and Linum usitatissimum, AgNPs negatively affected the process of seed germination [5,34]. Contrarily, the growth of Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris were enhanced using the same NPs [35,36]. Herewith, the synergistic application of Ag and Au NPs along with NAA showed positive effects on cell culture development. Moreover, the same combinations during phases of growth kinetics (lag, log, stationary and decline) enhanced fresh and dry biomass biosynthesis. On 30–42 days of cell cultures, biomass accumulation as compared to control was found maximum on media with variable ratios of nanoparticles and NAA.