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Nanoparticles from Marine Biomaterials for Cancer Treatment
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
From a biological perspective, nanotechnology deals with the interaction between engineered materials designed at nanoscales and cellular and biomolecular structures. The nanostructures used are of the same dimensions as the biological structures. For example, human cells are 10,000–20,000 nm in diameter. Hemoglobin, one of the bio-macromolecules, is 5 nm in diameter. Nanostructures smaller than 50 nm can easily enter most cells. Nanostructures smaller than 20 nm can be transported by blood circulation. Matter exhibits different physical, chemical, and biological properties at the nanoscale due to quantum mechanical reasons. It is possible to obtain nanostructures with desired properties (physical, chemical, etc.) by producing the substance in nano-dimensions without changing its chemical composition (Khan, Saeed, and Khan 2019).
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles as Potential Viral and Antiviral Agents
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Deepthi Panoth, Sindhu Thalappan Manikkoth, Fabeena Jahan, Kunnambeth Madam Thulasi, Anjali Paravannoor, Baiju Kizhakkekilikoodayil Vijayan
Viral diseases are becoming a serious global health concern due to their high mortality rate, which greatly impacts socio-economic life. The drug resistance and anomalous replication of viruses made the use of nanotechnology important in antiviral therapies. Currently, various types of nanomaterials, like nanospheres, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, nanogels nano emulsions, etc., are used for drug delivery because they possess antimicrobial activities against different viruses as antiviral agents and their dimensions are similar to the biomolecules (Ghaffari et al. 2019; Sharma et al. 2019). The antiviral potential of nanoparticles have been reported against several viruses like vaccinia virus, chikungunya virus, influenza virus, herpes simplex virus, monkeypox virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, etc. as the nanoparticles inhibit the attack of the virus to host cell and thus prevent their entry to the cell. Nanostructures thus can be used to function as either a delivery aid for specific vaccine to acquire immunization of the host, or as nanocarriers to provide diverse therapeutics to the target site, enhancing circulation time by safeguarding the therapeutics from deprivation. Here we present a brief summary of the application of nanosized materials for the treatment of viral infections like the Chikungunya virus, Coronaviruses (CoVs), HIV, H1N1 influenza virus (Heinrich et al. 2020).
Phytoconstituent-Loaded Nanomedicines for Arthritis Management
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Syed Salman Ali, Snigdha Bhardwaj, Najam Ali Khan, Syed Sarim Imam, Chandra Kala
Site-specific delivery of drugs to target cells and tissues is considered to be an important application of engineered nanoparticles as medicines. Recent investigation for herbal drugs has been tested against various forms of arthritic conditions and indicates a significant decrease in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-a in the synovial fluid. Active medicaments derived from herbals exhibits a great impact in lowering amounts of cytokines in the Synovial fluid resulting in the relief from the diseased condition that may lead to better quality of life of patients. This aspect presents a promising approach of developing nanostructures systems using active drugs which enables drug release in surrounding environment at controlled rate, thereby, requires less drug dosages and avoids the non-specific side effects of the drugs (Li et al., 2010; Kowalski et al., 2013).
Green Fabrication of silver nanoparticles by leaf extract of Byttneria Herbacea Roxb and their promising therapeutic applications and its interesting insightful observations in oral cancer
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2023
Gunashekar Kalvakunta Subramanyam, Susmila Aparna Gaddam, Venkata Subbaiah Kotakadi, Hema Gunti, Sashikiran Palithya, Josthna Penchalaneni, Varadarajulu Naidu Challagundla
The present era of research is mainly focussed on Nano-materials and Nanostructures derived from physical, chemical and biological sources that play an important role in nanotechnology for their promising industrial, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Over the past few decades, the metal nanoparticles fabricated from different noble metals exhibited distinct biological, physical and chemical properties. Among these metal nanoparticles silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) became the most commonly investigated, interesting and challenging nano-materials suitable for various potential therapeutic applications [1–2]. At present, the nano-sized particles less than 100 nm in size are gaining attention abundantly due to their new applications in various industries like medical, health care, food and pharmaceutics. Presently, in the past two decades, it clearly revealed that silver nanoparticles attained great interest due to their shape, size and size distribution which plays an important role in optical, electromagnetic, electrical, thermal, catalytic and biological properties [3–6]. Currently, widespread research on silver nanoparticles reveals excellent anticancer and antimicrobial properties [7–10].
Current trends in the use of human serum albumin for drug delivery in cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Milan Paul, Asif Mohd Itoo, Balaram Ghosh, Swati Biswas
Nab-paclitaxel was licensed and launched in 2005 for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, as well as for the first-line therapy of metastatic pancreatic cancer in 2013 and metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer in 2012. Moreover, various clinical studies for the management of patients with pancreatic cancer and metastatic melanoma and the delivery of additional hydrophobic/hydrophilic/drugs are in the pipeline [152,153]. The fact that multiple albumin-based nanocarriers (ANCs) in drug delivery systems have already received regulatory clearance suggests that this strategy will continue to be a fruitful avenue for future initiatives. For future clinical applications, it will be critical to optimize the diverse nanostructures and their specialized targeting abilities, as well as to conduct more toxicological research. Future scientific investigations should ultimately strive to produce medicines with improved specificity and effectiveness, fewer adverse effects, and an administration route and dosage regimen that emphasizes patient comfort and, indeed, patient compliance. Recent advancements in our comprehension of albumin physiology and the enhancement of albumin-based therapeutics have been developed based on this insight significantly implies that albumin-based treatments offer considerable advantages over other technologies in terms of manufacturing simplicity, adaptability, stability, safety, and half-life.
Green nanomedicine: the path to the next generation of nanomaterials for diagnosing brain tumors and therapeutics?
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Ebrahim Mostafavi, David Medina-Cruz, Ada Vernet-Crua, Junjiang Chen, Jorge L. Cholula-Díaz, Gregory Guisbiers, Thomas J. Webster
The need for developing more effective delivery systems to the brain has been undertaken by nanotechnology. From an application point of view, nanotechnological approaches for the treatment of brain cancer can be divided into: a) therapeutics, b) diagnostics and c) the synergistic combination of both therapeutic and diagnostic functionalities, which is known as theranostics [64]. Likewise, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) and strategies involving those have been classified according to their main composition, i.e., inorganic (e.g., gold, iron oxide, silica NPs, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots) and organic (liposomes, polymeric NPs, and dendrimers) nanostructures. In many cases, the use of both inorganic and organic components (nanocomposites) results in effective nanostructure-based theranostic systems [65]. All of these strategies have been combined with increasing selectivity, biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and greater permeability of the BBB for the treatment of GBM [66].