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Theranostics: A New Holistic Approach in Nanomedicine
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
Ankit Rochani, Sreejith Raveendran
Nanotechnology is the science that comprises nanomedicine, nanomaterial, and the latest technology of nanorobotics. Nano-science focuses mostly on the development of the nanoparticles (NPs) or nanomaterials used in the development of medicines, therapies, diagnostics, communication sensors, and other related tools. In the world of medicine, nanotechnology has played a significant role in developing treatment of various age-related conditions such as tumor or non-tumor forming cancers (Doxil®, first anticancer liposomal medicine), diabetes, tissue degeneration, and infectious conditions (AmBiosome®, first liposomal antibiotic) [1]. Following are some basic concepts that are most commonly explored for developing better nanoformulations or nanotheranostic designs: Targeted delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredientsStimulated controlled delivery systemsNPs with multiple modes of treatmentsNanomaterial implants for localized therapies
Cancer Drugs and Treatment Formulations for Women-Associated Cancers
Published in Shazia Rashid, Ankur Saxena, Sabia Rashid, Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers, 2022
Reetika Arora, Pawan K. Maurya
Nanoparticles offer the added benefit of increasing the solubility of medicines, reduced dosage and toxicity, improved cellular absorption, and so forth. Because of their tiny size, these are rapidly absorbed by tumour cells and efficiently encapsulate hydrophobic molecules. The other benefits of nanotechnology in cancer treatment include precise medication targeting via active or passive targeting, reduced systemic toxicity, controlled-release drug delivery, the ability to mix several medicines for successful therapy, better bioavailability of the cancer drug, and so on. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Thus, nanotechnology seems to be way forward for future cancer trials and treatment.
Long-Term Toxicity and Regulations for Bioactive-Loaded Nanomedicines
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Iqbal Ahmad, Sobiya Zafar, Shakeeb Ahmad, Suma Saad, S. M. Kawish, Sanjay Agarwal, Farhan Jalees Ahmad
Natural bioactives are being increasingly used for the prevention and treatment of several human disorders. The low solubility, poor bioavailability, and the toxicity associated with the herbal medicines limit their potential benefits. Development of nanomedicines has paved a way to overcome the challenges with the delivery of natural molecules. However, reducing to nanoscale modifies the physicochemical and the biological properties which may additionally impose newer risks to the patient. This warrants the assessment of toxicity associated with the nanoparticles. Harmonization of the regulatory requirements is crucial for successful clinical translation of nanomedicine.
Histological and biochemical evaluation of the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) versus titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on rat parotid gland
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2023
Sara M. Abdel Aal, Maha Z. Mohammed, Abeer A. Abdelrahman, Walaa Samy, Ghadeer M. M. Abdelaal, Raghda H. Deraz, Shaimaa A. Abdelrahman
The great advancement in the technology of nanoparticles has increased their applications, production, and disposal in the environment. The presence of nanoparticles in the environment has become a great concern to scientists and an area of research to assess their toxicity potential. Their novel properties acquired at the nanoscale in comparison to their bulk form (e.g. minute size and larger surface area-to-volume ratio) have resulted in greater chemical reactivity and higher reactive oxygen species production.2 Nanoparticles play a promising role in the nanomedicine field-specific targeting of neoplastic cells as tumor detectors, and in medical radiology as radiotherapy-dose enhancer. Hence, nanotoxicology has evolved as a new discipline to investigate the interactions of nanoparticles with different biological systems.3
Nanotechnological approaches for diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer: a review of recent trends
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Haigang Ding, Juan Zhang, Feng Zhang, Yan Xu, Wenqing Liang, Yijun Yu
Nanotechnology enables personalized oncology, in which cancer therapy and diagnosis are tailored to each patient’s tumor molecular profile, and predictive oncology, in which genetic and/or molecular markers predict development and progression of disease and clinical outcomes. The National Cancer Institute in the US has recently allocated funds to eight national Centers of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence due to its potential impact on cancer research (Misra et al., 2010). Nanoparticles have a bright future as a new generation of cancer therapeutics because they offer the opportunity for the design and tuning of properties that other types of therapeutic drugs do not. There are still many challenges for the clinical development of nanoformulations, but as sufficient availability of clinical data is obtained, nanotechnology will lead to the rational design of optimized nanosystems with improved efficacy, selectivity, and safety. But our current understanding of nanocarrier safety is inadequate. Health risks associated with various nanosystems should be documented, and the pharmacokinetic behavior of various nanoparticles must be thoroughly studied. Preliminary and complementary animal studies should be conducted to identify nanoparticle risks, with a focus on elimination processes. Environmental and health effects of manufacturing these particles have received little attention. Given the many potential uses of nanoparticles in health, especially cancer research, the government must develop safety guidelines.
Nisin and nisin-loaded nanoparticles: a cytotoxicity investigation
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Tanweer Haider, Vikas Pandey, Chittaranjan Behera, Pradeep Kumar, Prem N. Gupta, Vandana Soni
The use of nanoparticles to deliver anticancer therapeutics opens up new avenues for cancer treatment. Nanocarrier systems are a prominent area of study for the delivery of drugs and other therapeutic agents, such as proteins and peptides [4,17]. Nanoparticles are one of the promising delivery systems that provide better drug uptake or delivery by target cells, as well as reduce toxicity of free drug to non-target cells/organs. Most of the engineered nanoparticles overcome the physiological barriers and successfully deliver the drug to specific regions of the body and cell organelles [18,19]. A wide range of nanoparticles is in trend for the delivery of anticancer agents, such as polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, etc. [20–23]. Because of the biodegradable and biocompatible nature of PLGA polymer, PLGA nanoparticles are one of the most efficient polymeric nanocarriers with low systemic toxicity [24,25].