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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Camphor occurs naturally in the fragrant camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora and can also be synthetized. Camphor (D-) has the appearance of white colorless crystals; its odor type is camphoreous and its odor is described as ‘camphoreous, medicinal, mentholic, with a cooling green nuance’ (www.thegoodscentscompany.com). Camphor is volatile, reactive and flammable and is irritating to the eyes, skin and mucous membranes. It is used as a plasticizer, moth repellant, in varnish, floor wax, adhesive, as preservative, cosmetic ingredient, and anti-infection agent. Camphor is also used in perfuming industrial products and as flavor for food and beverages. It is common in therapeutic liniments and other pharmaceuticals as a rubefacient/counter-irritant or as a remedy for colds and musculoskeletal pains. In dermatology, when it is applied as lotion (0.1 to 3%), it is an anti-pruritic and surface anesthetic. When applied gently, it creates a feeling of coolness (U.S. National Library of Medicine). Historically, camphor has also been used as an aphrodisiac, abortifacient, antiseptic, and as cardiac and central nervous system stimulant (16).
The nineteenth century
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Warm and discutient liniments Camphor, liniment of camphor dissolved in oil or strong spirits; opodeldoc liniment of camphor, hard soap and strong spirits; volatile liniment of fresh butter, hartshorn, hogs lard, and sweet oil; Mindererus spirits; warm plaster; aether
Medicines for Weakness: 1900 to c. 1950
Published in John K. Crellin, A Social History of Medicines in the Twentieth Century, 2020
Countless Newfoundiand families nursed a family member with the disease. Dilemmas arose with over-the-counter remedies, because "messages" of hope in the vigorous advertising contradicted much public chastisement of the remedies. British- and Canadiantrained physician A. E. Rutherford denounced "advertising quacks' patent medicines and other secret remedies" in a 1909 lecture to Newfoundlanders, as did countless other physicians and vigorous lay campaigns on both sides of the Atlantic.14 In Newfoundland, Aubrey Tizzard remembered the death of his sister from tuberculosis in 1939, after five years of confinement at home, and countless different kinds of over-the-counter medication: The last medicine she received arrived a few days before she died. There were several bottles from a distributor in Change Island. Some were to be taken orally and others to be rubbed on the flesh. She took a little and my mother rubbed her with the liniment a few times but it proved of no avail.15
Modification of sodium aescinate into a safer, more stable and effective water-soluble drug by liposome-encapsulation: an in vitro and in vivo study
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Sifan Huang, Xinyu Wang, Mengmeng Liu, Zhizhe Lin, Wenqian Gu, Haili Zhao, Yanqiu Zhang, Baoyue Ding, Jiyong Liu, Xin Wu, Wei Fan, Jianming Chen
The liniment, gel, tablet and injection forms of SA have been widely used in clinical practice. Among them, SA liniment and gel for external use show good therapeutic effects on ecchymosis, sprain, crush injury and other local surface injuries. However, external preparations have certain limitations. for instance, they cannot provide in-depth treatment for various vascular diseases caused by local blood circulation disorders. In addition, they cannot be used on the damaged skin and mucous membrane (Lang, 1974; 1977). SA tablet is easy to be administered orally, but its poor absorption and low bioavailability limit its use (Lang & Mennicke, 1972; Wu et al., 2012). SA-I has the advantages of rapid action and a long maintenance time of the biological effect. It can effectively treat and prevent postoperative edema and alleviate pain of the patient (Wang et al., 2016; Liyou et al., 2018). However, IV (IV) injection of SA-I can cause pain in the injection site because of the strong irritation of septate sodium to blood vessels, and prolonged medication may cause phlebitis. Meticulous observation is therefore necessary during infusion to prevent fluid leakage to surrounding tissues, causing red swelling. In addition, it is not convenient to prepare SA-I because bubbles are likely to appear during preparation (Feng et al., 2011; Shi et al., 2014; Xie et al., 2014).
ROS-sensitive calcipotriol nano-micelles prepared by methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) – modified polymer for the treatment of psoriasis
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Yulin Hua, Tiantian Chang, Kun Jiang, Jinhong Wang, Xiaodong Cui, Min Cheng, Fang Yan, Bo Song, Yuzhen Wang
Psoriasis is still predominantly treated with a long course of topical drugs (Pradhan et al., 2013). One vitamin D3 analog, calcipotriol (CPT), inhibits cellular DNA and keratin synthesis by binding specifically to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), allowing correction of abnormal keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation (Frieder et al., 2017) is used as a primary topical agent for psoriasis. Common topical dosage forms such as creams (0.005%) and liniment (0.005%) are currently available. Recently, it has been suggested that nanoscale transdermal drug delivery systems can more effectively penetrate the thickened stratum corneum to achieve better results in psoriasis treatment (Mahmoud et al., 2017; Song et al., 2020).
Successful treatment of alopecia universalis with abrocitinib: a case report
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Two months after the first DRESS rash, the patient reported hair loss of the whole scalp. Intermittent external use of 2% minoxidil liniment was ineffective. At follow-up, she gradually suffered from full-body hair loss including eyebrows and eyelashes (Figure 1) and the shedding of fingernails and toenails (without pictures provided). AU was diagnosed as an autoimmune sequela from DRESS without any other autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune thyroiditis and systemic lupus erythematosus.