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Alginate and Hydrogel Applications for Wound Dressing
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Dina Fransiska, Ellya Sinurat, Fera Roswita Dewi, Hari Eko Irianto
Alginate hydrogels are a type of dressing placed on the skin to treat wounds that are difficult to cure, such as bedsores, venous ulcers, and diabetic wounds. In the case of smart dressing materials, alginates are frequently coupled with other polymers, displaying different capabilities than the properties of separate components, such as improved flexibility, the longer period of drug release, or greater bioavailability of the medicinal ingredient. Both of the ingredients are non-toxic and biocompatible. Only their combination, however, provides the characteristics that the perfect third-generation dressing material must possess. Although PVA has adequate resistance, its weak adhesive properties, low gas diffusion, and low fluid absorption limit its use in wound dressings. To increase PVA’s therapeutic qualities, it can be coupled with alginate, collagen, or chitin derivatives that have strong absorption and provide an optimum permanent moist medium in the wound and absorb wound exudates allowing cellular activity to continue. New trends in hybrid material design have emerged recently, such as altering the hydrogel matrix with therapeutic chemicals of natural origin, primarily taken from plants (Bialik-Wąs et al., 2021).
Nanomaterials for Theranostics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges *
Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Eun-Kyung Lim, Taekhoon Kim, Soonmyung Paik, Seungjoo Haam, Yong-Min Huh, Kwangyeol Lee
Silica itself cannot function as an imaging probe; however, silica can contain various materials, e.g., organic dye, QDs, magnetic nanoparticles, chemical drugs, and photosensitizers, in its matrix. Also, well-established surface modification methods endow solubility, surface charge control, and targeting ability [94, 129, 234, 236, 261, 556, 606–612, 774, 829]. The utility of silica in conjunction with other inorganic nanomaterials, namely, QDs, magnetic nanoparticles, Au, etc., has been already discussed in previous sections. In this section, a description of hybrid materials of silica and other organic and inorganic compounds will be presented.
Biomimetic Approaches for the Design and Development of Multifunctional Bioresorbable Layered Scaffolds for Dental Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Campodoni Elisabetta, Dozio Samuele Maria, Mulazzi Manuela, Montanari Margherita, Montesi Monica, Panseri Silvia, Sprio Simone, Tampieri Anna, Sandri Monica
Biomineralization is one of the natural processes that has been successfully reproduced in the laboratory, with the induction of the inorganic phase heterogeneous nucleation onto the organic matrix through fine mechanisms, controlled and driven by the organic matrix itself (Fig. 8.1). The chemical interaction between the elected organic matrix and the grown-into-it inorganic phases allow to obtain hybrid materials with unique features that are more than just a pro sum of the single parts, exactly as it happens in nature. Moreover, a proper doping with inorganic ions [e.g., Mg+, Sr+, CO32- , Fe2+/3+] makes it possible to adapt the composite material properties, like biodegradation, cell adhesion and growth, rather than magnetism, for the final purpose (Campodoni et al. 2016; Sprio et al. 2018; Tampieri et al. 2008).
Inner marginal strength of CAD/CAM materials is not affected by machining protocol
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2021
Julia Lubauer, Renan Belli, Fernanda H. Schünemann, Ragai E. Matta, Manfred Wichmann, Sandro Wartzack, Harald Völkl, Anselm Petschelt, Ulrich Lohbauer
In hybrid materials, different mechanisms seem to be operational. For Enamic®, a characteristic critical crack size of 57.3 µm is obtained using the same approach. That order of magnitude fits well within the range of 20–60 µm, in which a second defect population within the parent population of Enamic® has been shown to occur at a higher relative frequency for effective surfaces >0.43 mm2 and effective volumes >0.015 mm3 (compared to our test configuration herein) [24]. Those defects were depicted as polymer-infiltrated voids related to particle agglomerate shrinkage forming during partial sintering of the powder compact, having an elongated sharp geometry. It might therefore not be too far-fetched to expect the interplay of two defect types here too, with shorter machining cracks being responsible for the high-strength tail of the Weibull distribution, while the above-mentioned sintering voids being responsible for the lower tail of the distribution. For the two resin composites Grandio® Blocs and Lava™ Ultimate, an ac of 17.2 µm and an ac of 31.2 µm are obtained, respectively, highlighting the role of filler packing (∼72 vs. ∼65 vol.%), filler shape and size [25], and the quality of the polymer-filler interface [26,27] in the toughening of dental resin composites. In all these aspects Grandio® Blocs seem to benefit, reflecting a higher damage tolerance against machining.
Responsive polymer conjugates for drug delivery applications: recent advances in bioconjugation methodologies
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2019
Daniel Cristian Ferreira Soares, Caroline Mari Ramos Oda, Liziane Oliveira Fonseca Monteiro, Andre Luis Branco de Barros, Marli Luiza Tebaldi
The synthesis of polymer–protein conjugates has been extensively studied in the literature [12,26,26,33,46]. Here, we present only the most common methods and strategies of synthesis of the latest generation, which are revolutionising these hybrid materials. One of the prominent strategies was the LRP. The development of LRP significantly improved conjugation efficiency by decreasing the drawbacks associated with multiple steps and/or purification in addition to allowing the synthesis of well-defined polymers with narrow molar mass distribution, less heterogeneity and higher reproducibility [15,54]. This strategy used in the synthesis of the hybrid materials may strongly affect the properties of the sophisticated biological macromolecules as well as of the final conjugate. Because of this, it is extremely important to choose a specific method that does neither affects protein bioactivity nor the polymer proprieties.
Stimuli-responsive graphene-incorporated multifunctional chitosan for drug delivery applications: a review
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Sahar Gooneh-Farahani, M. Reza Naimi-Jamal, Seyed Morteza Naghib
Considering the unique properties of CS in biomedicine particularly in drug delivery that numerous researches are annually reported in this field and accelerating the use of graphene in drug delivery, choosing CS and graphene to design an efficient new DDS can be a good option. We have discussed in this review article that the combination of these two substances can provide extraordinary benefits, which are not individually individualized. The most important of that is improving the mechanical properties of CS and increasing the biocompatibility of graphene. And then we said that the combination of these two materials could be made in various forms, such as composite film, hydrogel, aerogel, nanoparticles, and nanofibers. Finally, we argued that this hybrid could be used in various drug delivery route and other applications. Studies are being conducted to optimize and design an ideal carrier based on CS and graphene for efficient drug delivery. Although the results are very promising, further studies are needed to optimize and design a carrier based on CS and graphene for efficient drug delivery, and definitely will appear in the next years. Many of these applications have been limited to the release of anticancer drugs for the treatment of tumors; however, the application of this type of hybrid materials needs to be expanded for other treatments.