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Communication Strategies
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Christopher M. Wilson, Amy J. Litterini
Therapists are encouraged to emphasize creativity, flexibility, and fun into physical activity tasks. One example that may be useful is engaging in dynamic balance and weight shifting activities via a game “Red light, green light.” Many people played this game as a child, which leverages the individual’s long-term intrinsic memory, familiarity, and nostalgia. The participant stands at a distance from the game facilitator and awaits a verbal cue to start ambulation with a “green light” command. After ambulation is started, the facilitator then states “red light” which prompts immediate stopping of ambulation. This facilitates balance reactions, engagement of fast-twitch muscle fibers, and dynamic balance. As this may be a challenging, impulsive task, close guarding by another clinician and a gait belt are highly recommended.
Reliability and validity of modified Four Square Step Test (mFSST) performance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Anne Boddy, Katy Mitchell, Jennifer Ellison, Wayne Brewer, Lindsay A. Perry
To begin the tests, participants were instructed to complete the sequence as fast and safe as possible without touching the cane/tape. Both feet must make contact with each square and face forward throughout the entire sequence. The clock will begin when the first foot contact is made in square two and ends when both feet return to square one. For both the FSST and mFSST, participants were permitted to have one practice trial before starting the timed trials. During the practice trial, one assessor provided feedback as needed to ensure correct test performance. Once testing began, participants performed two trials of the FSST and the mFSST, and the fastest of the two trials from each test was documented. Participants then performed the mFSST for additional two trials at least 20 min later. If participants were unable to successfully complete the FSST or mFSST trials, such as incorrect sequence or unable to face forward throughout the test, it was considered a mistrial and were permitted a repeat trial. Participants were permitted to use an assistive device and/or orthotic if they required one to safely ambulate. Two physical therapy students provided stand by assist for safety during the assessment. Participants wore a gait belt for safety with no physical contact during the assessment and took rest breaks as needed to prevent any fatigue.
Stall the Fall: Training Non-Clinical Caregivers to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Published in Journal of Community Health Nursing, 2020
Erin E. Montgomery, Yvonne Harris Smith
While the STEADI tool encourages health-care providers to perform medication reconciliation, monitor for orthostatic hypotension, and document comorbidities, these types of interventions are not appropriate for the non-clinical caregiver. Therefore, caregivers were instructed to encourage older adults or their families to “talk to the doctor” about medications, blood pressure, physical therapy, and regular eye exams. The fall prevention training program concluded with employee safety strategies as requested by facility administration. Caregivers were educated on gait belt use and technique, the head-to-hips relationship, and proper body mechanics. The head-to-hips relationship is utilized when performing a transfer. It involves the patient turning the head in the opposite direction of where they are being moved. This technique facilitates easier and safer transfer (Northwest Regional Spinal Cord Injury System, 2011).
Cardiorespiratory fitness, balance and walking improvements in an adolescent with cerebral palsy (GMFCS II) and autism after motor-assisted elliptical training
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2020
Guilherme M. Cesar, Thad W. Buster, Judith M. Burnfield
Resting heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were taken using standard procedures after the participant entered our lab and rested quietly for five minutes. Since traditional treadmill protocols for aerobic capacity testing (e.g. Bruce protocol) are not appropriate for children with CP, we utilised the protocol presented by Verschuren and colleagues [50]. Specifically, the session started with the participant performing a warm-up session by walking for 3 minutes at 2 km/hr and no treadmill inclination. After the warm-up, he rested for 5 minutes seated on a chair with arm and back rests. During the rest interval, a snug fitting face mask was placed on his face and connected to the metabolic measurement system with a 6-foot flexible tube. After the rest period, the participant began walking on the treadmill at a speed of 2 km/hr with an incline of 2%. The speed was increased by 0.25 km/hr every minute for the remainder of the test while the incline was maintained at 2%. The protocol ended when the participant indicated he could not continue due to fatigue and could no longer maintain the pace imposed by the treadmill speed. A gait belt was worn for safety and we asked our participant to use only light finger touch on treadmill handrails if needed to maintain balance.